Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37798368›Full record

ArticleNature human behaviour2023

Hippocampal neurons code individual episodic memories in humans.

Luca D Kolibius, Frederic Roux, George Parish, Marije Ter Wal, Mircea Van Der Plas, Ramesh Chelvarajah, Vijay Sawlani, David T Rollings, Johannes D Lang, Stephanie Gollwitzer and 8 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature human behaviour, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed
10.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Concept Cells and the Neural Bases of Human Memory.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2026
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Spaces and sequences in the hippocampus: a homological perspective.Journal of computational neuroscience · 2026
    Article
  10. Tunneling-Controlled Fusion of Short- and Long-Term Memory in SiOAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Episodic-Like Memory in a Simulation of Cuttlefish Behavior.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.

Luca D KolibiusDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. luca.kolibius@columbia.edu.ORCID 0000-0001-5590-6879
Frederic RouxCentre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
George ParishCentre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7533-8298
Marije Ter WalCentre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4922-3435
Mircea Van Der PlasCentre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-6030-5568
Ramesh ChelvarajahCentre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Vijay SawlaniComplex Epilepsy and Surgery Service, Neurosciences Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
David T RollingsComplex Epilepsy and Surgery Service, Neurosciences Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Johannes D LangEpilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Stephanie GollwitzerEpilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Katrin WaltherEpilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-4623-9466
Rüdiger HopfengärtnerEpilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Gernot KreiselmeyerEpilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Hajo HamerEpilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Bernhard P StaresinaDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-0558-9745
Maria WimberCentre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-1917-353X
Howard BowmanCentre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Simon HanslmayrCentre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. simon.hanslmayr@glasgow.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0003-4448-2147
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg · DEQueen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham · GBUniversity of Birmingham · GBWellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging · GBBirmingham City University · GBUniversity of Kent · GBUniversity of Oxford · GB

Funding

European Research CouncilWellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The hippocampus is an essential hub for episodic memory processing. However, how human hippocampal single neurons code multi-element associations remains unknown. In particular, it is debated whether each hippocampal neuron represents an invariant element within an episode or whether single neurons bind together all the elements of a discrete episodic memory. Here we provide evidence for the latter hypothesis. Using single-neuron recordings from a total of 30 participants, we show that individual neurons, which we term episode-specific neurons, code discrete episodic memories using either a rate code or a temporal firing code. These neurons were observed exclusively in the hippocampus. Importantly, these episode-specific neurons do not reflect the coding of a particular element in the episode (that is, concept or time). Instead, they code for the conjunction of the different elements that make up the episode.

Indexed as

Memory, EpisodicHippocampusHumansNeurons

Identifiers

PMID37798368
PMCPMC10663153
OpenAlexW4387378608

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.