ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2023
Naturalistic psilocybin use is associated with persisting improvements in mental health and wellbeing: results from a prospective, longitudinal survey.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of psilocybin on cognitive function: A systematic review.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2024Pooled it
- Acute and post-acute neurobehavioral responses to lysergic acid diethylamide in healthy subjects: a randomized controlled study.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Trial
- Beyond psychedelic exceptionalism: how people combine meditation with psychoactive substances, and how this relates to well-being.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Development of Japanese Versions of the 4-Item Mystical Experience Questionnaire and 7-Item Challenging Experience Questionnaire.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2026Article
- A contemporary exploration of motivations and practices of psychedelic use among emerging adult cannabis users in the United States: A qualitative analysis.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2026Article
- Naturally Derived Psilocybin for Therapeutic Use: A Six-Criterion Framework for Evidence, Safety, and Benefit-Risk Considerations in Policy and Clinical Development.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Extended difficulties after psychedelic experiences: Prevalence and associations in a global, multilingual sample.Research square · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Effects of Low-Dose Psilocybin in Depression and Other Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review.Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2026Review
- Adverse outcomes following psychedelic use in adolescents and adults: associations with age and personality traits.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2026Article
- Baseline Mood and "Relational Triad" Predict Acute Qualities of Psychedelic Experience.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Difficulties following naturalistic psychedelic use and associations with adverse childhood experiences.The International journal on drug policy · 2026Article
- Mindset over molecule: comparing self-transcendent and mystical experiences across recreational psilocybin, MDMA, and cannabis use.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Inaugural year of regulated psilocybin services in Oregon: safety, motivations, and utilization.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Naturalistic psychedelic use and changes in depressive symptoms.Journal of affective disorders · 2025Observational
- Exploring novel therapeutic strategies: Could psychedelic perspectives offer promising solutions for Alzheimer's disease comorbidities?Dialogues in clinical neuroscience · 2025Review
- Harm reduction practises for users of psychedelic drugs: a scoping review.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Psychedelics and autobiographical memory - six open questions.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Psychedelics and the Serotonin Hypothesis of Eating Disorders.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Psychedelics and chronic pain: self-reported outcomes on changed substance use patterns and health following naturalistic psychedelic use.British journal of pain · 2025Article
- The Emergence of Psilocybin in Psychiatry and Neuroscience.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: The classic psychedelic psilocybin, found in some mushroom species, has received renewed interest in clinical research, showing potential mental health benefits in preliminary trials. Naturalistic use of psilocybin outside of research settings has increased in recent years, though data on the public health impact of such use remain limited. Methods: This prospective, longitudinal study comprised six sequential automated web-based surveys that collected data from adults planning to take psilocybin outside clinical research: at time of consent, 2 weeks before, the day before, 1-3 days after, 2-4 weeks after, and 2-3 months after psilocybin use. Results: A sample of 2,833 respondents completed all baseline assessments approximately 2 weeks before psilocybin use, 1,182 completed the 2-4 week post-use survey, and 657 completed the final follow-up survey 2-3 months after psilocybin use. Participants were primarily college-educated White men residing in the United States with a prior history of psychedelic use; mean age = 40 years. Participants primarily used dried psilocybin mushrooms (mean dose = 3.1 grams) for "self-exploration" purposes. Prospective longitudinal data collected before and after a planned psilocybin experience on average showed persisting reductions in anxiety, depression, and alcohol misuse, increased cognitive flexibility, emotion regulation, spiritual wellbeing, and extraversion, and reduced neuroticism and burnout after psilocybin use. However, a minority of participants (11% at 2-4 weeks and 7% at 2-3 months) reported persisting negative effects after psilocybin use (e.g., mood fluctuations, depressive symptoms). Discussion: Results from this study, the largest prospective survey of naturalistic psilocybin use to date, support the potential for psilocybin to produce lasting improvements in mental health symptoms and general wellbeing.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.