Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37791094›Full record

ArticleClinical neuropsychiatry2023

Evidence of Altered Fear Extinction Learning in Individuals with High Vaccine Hesitancy During Covid-19 Pandemic.

Carmelo M Vicario, Stergios Makris, Laura Culicetto, Chiara Lucifora, Alessandra Falzone, Gabriella Martino, Francesca Ferraioli, Michael A Nitsche, Alessio Avenanti, Giuseppe Craparo

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical neuropsychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
3.0field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. The social life of Pavlovian learning.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Carmelo M VicarioDipartimento di Scienze Cognitive, Psicologiche, Pedagogiche e degli studi culturali, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy.
Stergios MakrisDepartment of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Liverpool, UK.
Laura CulicettoDipartimento di Scienze Cognitive, Psicologiche, Pedagogiche e degli studi culturali, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy.
Chiara LuciforaInstitute of Technologies and Cognitive Sciences (ISTC-CNR), 00185, Rome, Italy and Department of Philosophy and Communication, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Alessandra FalzoneDipartimento di Scienze Cognitive, Psicologiche, Pedagogiche e degli studi culturali, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy.
Gabriella MartinoDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy.
Francesca FerraioliDipartimento di Scienze Cognitive, Psicologiche, Pedagogiche e degli studi culturali, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy.
Michael A NitscheDepartment of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, 44139, Dortmund, Germany; Bielefeld University, University Hospital OWL, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and University Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 33617, Bielefeld, Germany.
Alessio AvenantiCenter for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Cesena Campus, 47521 Cesena, Italy; Neuropsicology and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center (CINPSI Neurocog), Universidad Católica Del Maule, 3460000 Talca, Chile.
Giuseppe CraparoFaculty of Human and Social Sciences, UKE-Kore University of Enna, Cittadella Universitaria, 94100 Enna, Italy.
University of Messina · ITEdge Hill University · GBUniversità degli Studi di Enna Kore · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: A relevance of fear and concerns about vaccine development and its side effects are suggested to explain COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. However, evidence supporting the phobic origin hypothesis of hesitancy for COVID-19 and other vaccinations remains indirect and elusive. Method: We addressed this issue by investigating the existence of a relationship between fear conditioning, extinction, and the respective vaccination hesitancy and anxiety scores in a group of 25 individuals. Results: Overall, we show that the general mechanism of fear extinction learning is impaired in individuals with high vaccine hesitancy. State and trait anxiety scores do not account for this result. Conclusions: These findings suggest that attitudes against vaccination could be linked to an altered inhibitory learning process.

Indexed as

anxietyfear extinction learninginhibitory learning processpavlovian fear conditioningvaccine hesitancy

Identifiers

PMID37791094
PMCPMC10544234
OpenAlexW4387326175

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.