ArticleAJPM focus2023
Social Determinants of Health-Related Z Codes and Health Care Among Patients With Hypertension.
Article in AJPM focus, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Socioeconomic Disparities in Outcomes After Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Propensity-Matched Multi-Institutional Study.Arthroplasty today · 2026Article
- Social Determinants of Health Coding Among Hospital Visits Made by Adults With Cancer.JCO oncology practice · 2026Article
- Psychosocial adversity captured by ICD-10 Z-codes and mortality risk: evidence from the UK Biobank.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Social determinants of health diagnosis codes in in-person and telehealth visits during pregnancy in the United States, 2020-2025: a repeated cross-sectional and case-control study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Physician Perspectives on Z Codes for Social Determinants of Health Screening.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic position and its effect on cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in patients with prostate cancer.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2025Article
- Social Determinants of Health ICD-10 Code Use by a Large Integrated Healthcare System.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Z-Code Health-Related Social Needs and Their Association with Post-Discharge Healthcare Utilization in Older Adults with Heart Failure and COPD.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Article
- Documentation of individual-level social determinants of health among adults diagnosed with cancer in the United States.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Use of Z-codes related to social determinants of health among adult inpatients in France: a nationwide study from 2014 to 2022.BMC public health · 2025Observational
- Factors Associated with Documenting Social Determinants of Health in Electronic Health Records.Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM · 2025Article
- Impact of social determinants on osteoporosis treatment and secondary fracture risk after primary fragility fractures.Archives of osteoporosis · 2025Article
- Medicaid Accountable Care Organization Implementation and Perinatal Claims Documentation of Social Risk Factors.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Impact of hospital and health system initiatives to address Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) in the United States: a scoping review of the peer-reviewed literature.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Health Care Use and Expenditures Associated With Cardiac Rehabilitation Among Eligible Medicare Fee-for-Service Beneficiaries.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Impact of State Telehealth Parity Laws for Private Payers on Hypertension Medication Adherence Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes · 2024Article
- Social determinants of health Z-code documentation practices in mental health settings: a scoping review.Health affairs scholar · 2024Article
- Rural and Urban Differences in Hypertension Management Through Telehealth Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Commercially Insured Patients.American journal of hypertension · 2024Article
- Characteristics of hospital and health system initiatives to address social determinants of health in the United States: a scoping review of the peer-reviewed literature.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Tracking social needs can provide information on barriers to controlling hypertension and the need for wraparound services. No recent studies have examined ICD-10-CM social determinants of health-related Z codes (Z55-Z65) to indicate social needs with a focus on patients with hypertension. Methods: Three cohorts were identified with a diagnosis of hypertension during 2016-2017 and continuously enrolled in fee-for-service insurance through June 2021: (1) commercial, age 18-64 years ( Results: In 2020, the highest annual documentation of social determinants of health-related Z codes was among Medicaid beneficiaries (3.02%, 0.46% commercial, 0.42% Medicare Supplement); documentation was higher among inpatient than among outpatient visits for all insurance types. Z63 (related to primary support group) was more common among commercial and Medicare Supplement beneficiaries, and Z59 (housing and economic circumstances) was more common among Medicaid beneficiaries. The 2019 total unadjusted medical expenditures were 1.85, 1.78, and 1.61 times higher for those with social determinants of health-related Z code than for those without commercial, Medicare Supplement, and Medicaid, respectively. Patients with social determinants of health-related Z code also had higher proportions of diagnosed chronic conditions. Among Medicaid beneficiaries, differences in the presence of social determinants of health-related Z code by race or ethnicity were observed. Conclusions: Although currently underreported, social determinants of health-related Z codes provide an opportunity to integrate social and medical data and may help decision makers understand the need for additional services among individuals with hypertension.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.