ArticlePLOS global public health2023
Gender, skin color, and household composition explain inequities in household food insecurity in Brazil.
Article in PLOS global public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Poor Water Quality and Food Insecurity in Ecuador: Disparities in Exposure and Associations With Young Child Feeding Practices.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2026Article
- [Between setbacks and advances: the trajectory of food insecurity in Black households in Brazil (2013-2023)].Cadernos de saude publica · 2026Article
- Food insecurity and employment income: considerations regarding gender inequalities.Public health nutrition · 2025Article
- The unequal face of hunger: how gender and race/colour have exacerbated food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic-a cross-sectional analysis.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Associations of economic vulnerability and food insecurity with the Planetary Health Diet in children: PASE study (Brazil).Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Association between adherence to the Food Guide golden rule and health characteristics among adult Brazilian women: a cross-sectional study with VIGITEL data, 2018-2021.Epidemiologia e servicos de saude : revista do Sistema Unico de Saude do Brasil · 2025Article
- Climate change, food insecurity, and the impacts on child health and nutrition in Brazil: proposal for a conceptual model.Cadernos de saude publica · 2025Review
- Food insecurity in households with children and adolescents under the intersectionality between gender and race/skin color.Cadernos de saude publica · 2025Article
- Food Acquisition Locations and Food Groups Acquired According to Levels of Food Insecurity in Brazil.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Poverty-Food Insecurity Nexus in the Post-Construction Context of a Large Hydropower Dam in the Brazilian Amazon.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Food insecurity in Brazil by household arrangements and characteristics between 2004 and 2022.Cadernos de saude publica · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It is well known that female-headed households (FHHs) are more likely to experience food insecurity (FI) than male-headed households (MHHs), however there is a dearth of evidence on how gender intersects with other social determinants of FI. Thus, this paper investigated changes in the prevalence of household FI in Brazil from 2004 to 2018 by the intersection of gender, race/skin color and marital status of the household reference person. Data from three cross-sectional nationally representative surveys that assessed the status of FI using the Brazilian Household Food Insecurity Measurement Scale were analyzed (N2004 = 107,731; N2013 = 115,108, N2018 = 57,204). Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between profiles of gender, race/skin color, marital status of the head of the household with household FI stratified by the presence of children <5 years of age. Over time, FHHs had a higher prevalence of mild and moderate/severe FI than did households headed by men. Food security prevalence increased from 2004 to 2013 and decreased between 2013 and 2018 for households headed by men and women. In 2018, households headed by black/brown single mothers with children < 5 years of age were at the highest FI risk. The probability of reporting moderate/severe FI in these households were 4.17 times higher (95% CI [2.96-5.90]) than for households headed by married white men. The presence of children in the household was associated with a higher probability of moderate/severe FI, especially for households headed by black/brown individuals regardless of the reference person's gender. The results suggest that gender inequities combined with darker skin color and the presence of children at home potentiate the risk of moderate/severe FI. Policy makers need to consider the principles of intersectionality when investing in codesigning, implementing, evaluating, and scaling up evidence-based programs to reduce FI.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.