Trial reportJMIR mHealth and uHealth2023
The Effectiveness of a Neurofeedback-Assisted Mindfulness Training Program Using a Mobile App on Stress Reduction in Employees: Randomized Controlled Trial.
Trial report in JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03787407 (The Effect of Neurofeedback-assisted Mindfulness Training on Stress Reduction in Employees With Emotional Labor), which is not on this map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Neurofeedback-assisted Mindfulness Training on Stress Reduction in Employees With Emotional Labor
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Consumer-Grade Neurofeedback With Mindfulness Meditation: Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Neurofeedback to enhance sleep quality and insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Neurofeedback-Assisted and Conventional 6-Week Web-Based Mindfulness Interventions on Mental Health of Chinese Nursing Students: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Trial
- Bidirectional EEG Neurofeedback of Sensorimotor Beta Oscillations Reveals Asymmetric Modulation and Strategy-Dependent Learning.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Article
- Effects of mindfulness-based interventions on perceived stress among non-clinical adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Npj mental health research · 2026Article
- Fostering Psychophysical Well-Being via Remote Self-Managed Empowerment Protocols: A Scoping Review.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Closed-Loop Systems and Real-Time Neurofeedback in Mindfulness Meditation Research.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2025Review
- Design and Implementation of a Brief Digital Mindfulness and Compassion Training App for Health Care Professionals: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mental health · 2024Article
- Study protocol of a proposed Neurofeedback-Assisted Mindfulness Training Program on symptoms of anxiety and psychological distress associated with smartphone use in young adults: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Electroencephalography-Based Measures to Understand Meditation and Mindfulness: Bibliometric Scoping Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Global advances in integrative medicine and healthReview
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMindfulness-based training programs have consistently shown efficacy in stress reduction. However, questions regarding the optimal duration and most effective delivery methods remain.
objectiveThis research explores a 4-week neurofeedback-assisted mindfulness training for employees via a mobile app. The study's core query is whether incorporating neurofeedback can amplify the benefits on stress reduction and related metrics compared with conventional mindfulness training.
methodsA total of 92 full-time employees were randomized into 3 groups: group 1 received mobile mindfulness training with neurofeedback assistance (n=29, mean age 39.72 years); group 2 received mobile mindfulness training without neurofeedback (n=32, mean age 37.66 years); and group 3 were given self-learning paper materials on stress management during their first visit (n=31, mean age 38.65 years). The primary outcomes were perceived stress and resilience scales. The secondary outcomes were mindfulness awareness, emotional labor, occupational stress, insomnia, and depression. Heart rate variability and electroencephalography were measured for physiological outcomes. These measurements were collected at 3 different times, namely, at baseline, immediately after training, and at a 4-week follow-up. The generalized estimating equation model was used for data analysis.
resultsThe 4-week program showed significant stress reduction (Wald χ
conclusionsThe study demonstrated that the neurofeedback-assisted group achieved superior outcomes in resilience and relaxation during the 4-week mobile mindfulness program. Further research with larger samples and long-term follow-up is warranted.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03787407; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03787407.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.