ArticleDocumenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology2024
Accelerated hydroxychloroquine toxic retinopathy.
Article in Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Optical Coherence Tomography and Angiography in Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy: A Narrative Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Cell Death Modalities in Therapy of Melanoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Systemic Medications and Their Ocular Side Effects.Cureus · 2024Review
- Questioning accelerated hydroxychloroquine retinopathy.Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology · 2024Article
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3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo report a case series of patients with retinal toxicity due to hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) within a short span of treatment.
methodsA retrospective review of case records of patients with accelerated HCQ toxicity within 1 year of starting the treatment was done. Systemic co-morbidities, details of HCQ treatment, details of ocular examination, and results of multimodal investigations were noted.
resultsNine patients (1 male, 8 females) with age ranging from 40 to 73 years (mean 54.2 ± 13.4 years) who showed accelerated HCQ toxicity were included. None had systemic conditions or drug history predisposing to early HCQ toxicity. The treatment duration ranged from 2 to 11 months and the cumulative HCQ dose ranged from 18 to 120 g (mean 45.0 ± 33.0 g). The visual acuity was normal in 8 (88.9%) patients and retinal evaluation was normal in 4 (44.4%). Optical coherence tomography was abnormal in 4 (44.4%). Six (66.6%) cases had reduced sensitivity in the parafoveal point on visual field testing. All 9 cases had multifocal electroretinographic changes diagnostic of HCQ toxicity. The HCQ treatment was stopped in 8 and continued with reduced dose in 1 patient. The mean duration of follow-up was 11.2 ± 9.6 months during which 5 patients showed improved mfERG and 1 patient had a stable mfERG. Visual fields improvement was noted in 2 cases.
conclusionsPatients on HCQ need to be kept on regular monitoring with more frequent follow-ups to detect signs of early onset toxicity and prevent permanent visual impairment. mfERG is an important diagnostic tool for HCQ toxicity.
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