ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2024
Evidence for Tuberculosis in Individuals With Xpert Ultra "Trace" Sputum During Screening of High-Burden Communities.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predicted Preferences for Tuberculosis Point-of-Care Tests Among Tuberculosis-Affected Individuals in 5 High Burden Countries.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Treatment outcomes of individuals with tuberculosis identified from mobile chest X-ray-based active case finding in Pakistan.Public health action · 2026Article
- Current and Emerging Diagnostic Approaches for Tuberculosis in People Living with HIV: Challenges and Future Perspectives.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Review
- "Subclinical tuberculosis": a person-centred critique.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Clinical management of XpertBMC infectious diseases · 2026Observational
- Unexpected detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in US-born patients in putative association with clinical syndromes.Nature communications · 2026Observational
- Development of a Rapid Automated Point-of-Care Test formedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Long-term risk of tuberculosis among individuals with Xpert Ultra trace screening results in Uganda: a longitudinal follow-up study.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Clinical Relevance of Trace-Positive Results in Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra for Tuberculosis Diagnosis in a High-Burden Setting: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Prospective Comparative Evaluation of the Xpert MTB/RIF and Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra Assays for DetectingAnnals of laboratory medicine · 2025Article
- Mind the Clinic-Community Gap: Re-evaluation of Test Performance and False Positive Results in Community-Wide Tuberculosis Screening.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Diagnostic accuracy of tongue swab testing in persons with sputum Xpert Ultra Trace results.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Patient experiences of tuberculosis treatment deferral after a trace Xpert Ultra result: a prospective cohort study.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2025Article
- LASSO regression-based nomogram for distinguishing nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease from pulmonary tuberculosis: a clinical risk prediction model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Tuberculosis and HIV coinfection: Progress and challenges towards reducing incidence and mortality.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2025Review
- Persistently high TB prevalence in Nairobi County neighbourhoods, 2015-2022.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Clinical outcomes of participants of a TB prevalence survey with an abnormal chest X-ray but no evidence of TB disease after a median follow-up of 9 months in Zambia and South Africa.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Accuracy of C-Reactive Protein for Tuberculosis Detection in General-Population Screening and Ambulatory-Care Triage in Uganda.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2024Article
- Identification and molecular characterization ofOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
background"Trace" results on Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra ("Ultra"; Cepheid) -a molecular diagnostic test for tuberculosis (TB)-are often interpreted as an indication for TB treatment, but may also represent detection of nonviable bacilli or analytical error. In community-screening settings where individual TB risk is low, there is limited guidance on how to interpret Ultra-trace results.
methodsWe conducted systematic Ultra TB screening of adults and adolescents (≥15 years) in Kampala, Uganda, through door-to-door and event-based sputum collection. We enrolled individuals with trace-positive sputum for detailed clinical, radiographic, and microbiological (including 2 sputum cultures, repeat Ultra, and for people with HIV, urine lipoarabinomannan) evaluation, and compared those findings with similar evaluations in controls with Ultra-negative and Ultra-positive (non-trace) sputum.
resultsOf 21 957 people screened with Ultra, 211 (1.0%) tested positive, including 96 (46% of positives) with trace results. Of 92 people enrolled with trace-positive sputum; 12% (11/92) were HIV-positive and 14% (13/92) had prior TB. The prevalence of TB among participants with trace-positive sputum results was 14% (13/92) by culture, 24% (22/92) using broader microbiological criteria, and 26% (24/92) after accounting for clinical diagnosis. The prevalence of cough and of abnormal chest computed tomography (CT) findings were 32% and 26%, respectively, if Ultra-negative; 34% and 54% if trace-positive/non-microbiologically confirmed; 72% and 95% if trace-positive/microbiologically confirmed; and 71% and 93% if Ultra-positive (more than trace).
conclusionsMost individuals with trace-positive sputum in Ugandan communities did not have microbiologically confirmed TB but had more symptoms and chest CT abnormalities than people with Ultra-negative sputum.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.