Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37787062›Full record

ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2024

Serologic Immunity to Tetanus in the United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2015-2016.

Valerie D Bampoe, Nicole Brown, Li Deng, Jarad Schiffer, Lily Tao Jia, Monica Epperson, Yamini Gorantla, So Hee Park, Jingning Ao, Anna M Acosta and 1 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Observational
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Tetanus Surveillance - United States, 2009-2023.Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002) · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Tetanus: recognition and management.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2025
    Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Valerie D BampoeMeningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0682-2430
Nicole BrownMeningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Li DengMeningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Jarad SchifferMicrobial Pathogenesis and Immune Response Laboratory, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center of Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Lily Tao JiaMicrobial Pathogenesis and Immune Response Laboratory, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center of Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Monica EppersonMicrobial Pathogenesis and Immune Response Laboratory, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center of Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Yamini GorantlaMicrobial Pathogenesis and Immune Response Laboratory, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center of Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
So Hee ParkMicrobial Pathogenesis and Immune Response Laboratory, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center of Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Jingning AoMicrobial Pathogenesis and Immune Response Laboratory, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center of Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Anna M AcostaMeningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Susan HaririMeningitis and Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention · US

Funding

CDC HHSIntramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTetanus, a life-threatening infection, has become rare in the United States since introduction of tetanus toxoid-containing vaccines (TTCVs), recommended as a childhood series followed by decennial boosters beginning at age 11-12 years; vaccination uptake is high in children but suboptimal in adults. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of sero-immunity to tetanus among persons aged ≥6 years in the United States and to identify factors associated with tetanus sero-immunity. Understanding population protection against tetanus informs current and future vaccine recommendations.

methodsAnti-tetanus toxoid antibody concentrations were measured for participants of the 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) aged ≥6 years for whom surplus serum samples were available using a microsphere-based multiplex antibody capture assay. Prevalence of sero-immunity, defined as ≥0.10 IU/mL, was estimated overall and by demographic characteristics. Factors associated with tetanus sero-immunity were examined using multivariable regression.

resultsOverall, 93.8% of the US population aged ≥6 years had sero-protection against tetanus. Prevalence of sero-immunity was above 90% across racial/ethnic categories, sex, and poverty levels. By age, ≥ 90% had protective sero-immunity through age 69 years, but prevalence of sero-immunity declined thereafter, with 75.8% of those aged ≥80 years having protective sero-immunity. Older age (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]: 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI]: .85-.92) and being born outside the United States (aPR: 0.96, 95% CI: .93-.98) were significantly associated with lower prevalence of sero-immunity.

conclusionsThe majority of the US population has vaccine-induced sero-immunity to tetanus, demonstrating the success of the vaccination program.

Indexed as

TetanusAdultAgedAntibodies, BacterialChildHumansImmunization, SecondaryNutrition SurveysTetanus ToxoidUnited StatesVaccinationAntibodies, BacterialTetanus ToxoidELISAmicrosphere-based multiplex antibody capture assayMMACAnational health and nutrition and examination survey (NHANES)tetanus sero-immunity

Identifiers

PMID37787062
PMCPMC10922579
OpenAlexW4387296027

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.