ArticleBMC public health2023
The association of herpes zoster and influenza vaccinations with the risk of developing dementia: a population-based cohort study within the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink.
Article in BMC public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guideline
- Factors influencing the relationship between influenza vaccination and the risk of developing dementia: A systematic review.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Pooled it
- Management of brain-heart multimorbidity: a clinical practice guideline.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2026Guideline
- Association between vaccinations and risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Age and ageing · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of influenza vaccination on neurodegenerative and demyelinating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Bibliometric analysis and visualization mapping of herpes zoster vaccine publications from 1999 to 2024.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Herpes zoster vaccination and the risk of dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Brain and behavior · 2024Pooled it
- Herpes zoster as a vaccine-preventable risk factor increases the risk of dementia: A nested case-control study in Chinese population.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Association Between Respiratory Vaccines and Risk of Cognitive Impairment, Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: A Scoping Review.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Association Between Herpes Zoster Vaccination and Dementia Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Chemokines in Alzheimer's Disease: Early Defence, Late Damage and the Impact of Sex and Infection.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Review
- Recent Insights into the Role of Herpesviridae in Alzheimer's Disease: A Structured Narrative Review Based on a Systematic Literature Search.Neurology international · 2026Review
- The Immune-Chemokine Axis in Alzheimer's Disease: Roles of Adaptive Immune System in Neuroinflammation and Disease Progression.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Varicella zoster virus and the central nervous system.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Reduced risk of dementia with recombinant zoster vaccine in US adults age 65 or older.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Herpes zoster vaccination and incident dementia in Canada: an analysis of natural experiments.The Lancet. Neurology · 2026Article
- Beyond the Virological Benefits of the Herpes Zoster Vaccine in the Context of Primary Care.Vaccines · 2026Article
- A high-throughput, quantitative platform using 2D dissociated human cerebral organoids to model neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease.NPJ dementia · 2026Article
- Infection, vaccination and risk of dementia: a proposed immunological model.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDementia affects ability to remember, think, or make decisions that interfere with doing everyday activities. There is no cure, therefore any prevention or delay of the onset is of importance. This study aims to investigate the association between zoster and influenza vaccinations and the risk of developing dementia.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study using electronic health records from 1469 general practices contributing to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum database with linked hospital episode statistics (HES) and Office for National Statistics (ONS) mortality records. We built two 'matched cohorts': zoster vaccine (854,745 exposed individuals) matched with 8.8 million comparators without a history of zoster vaccination, and influenza vaccine (742,487 exposed individuals) matched with 7.12 million comparators without a history of vaccination as another comparator group. The cohorts were then followed to assess the association of exposure (vaccine) with outcome (dementia diagnosis).
resultsZoster vaccination was associated with a lower risk of dementia diagnosis (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.78 with 95% CI: 0.77-0.79), Alzheimer's diagnosis (adjusted HR 0.91 with 95% CI: 0.89-0.92 and other types of dementia (adjusted HR 0.71 with 95% CI: 0.69-0.72). Influenza vaccination also was associated with a slightly reduced hazard of dementia risk (adjusted HR 0.96 with 95% CI: 0.94-0.97).
conclusionBoth zoster vaccine for prevention of shingles / herpes zoster and influenza vaccine to prevent influenza were associated with diminished risk of dementia, with the zoster association appearing more pronounced.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.