ArticleBMC public health2023
Gender differences in estimated excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand.
Article in BMC public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex differences in excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal ecological analysis of 34 high-income countries.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Survival and life expectancy inequality by gender in Thai provinces: Trends from 2015 to 2023.PloS one · 2026Article
- Assessing the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on all-cause mortality and child mortality in a population cohort of Iganga Mayuge HDSS in Eastern Uganda (2015-2021).Population health metrics · 2025Article
- Sex- and age-specific differences in excess mortality in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: a study based on official vital statistics data.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Gender-Based Socio-Economic Inequalities in the Pre-Vaccination Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Istanbul: A Neighborhood-Level Analysis of Excess Mortality.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Effects of Coexposure to Air Pollution from Vegetation Fires and Extreme Heat on Mortality in Upper Northern Thailand.Environmental science & technology · 2024Article
- Health-related quality of life after surviving intensive care for COVID-19: a prospective multicenter cohort study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere is a limited body of research specifically examining gender inequality in excess mortality and its variations across age groups and geographical locations during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to fill this gap by analyzing the patterns of gender inequality in excess all-cause mortality in Thailand during the COVID-19 pandemic.
methodsData pertaining to all-cause deaths and population between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2021, were obtained from Thailand's Bureau of Registration Administration. A seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) technique was used to estimate excess mortality during the pandemic between January 2020 to December 2021. Gender differential excess mortality was measured as the difference in age-standardized mortality rates between men and women.
resultsOur SARIMA-based estimate of all-cause mortality in Thailand during the COVID-19 pandemic amounted to 1,032,921 deaths, with COVID-19-related fatalities surpassing official figures by 1.64 times. The analysis revealed fluctuating patterns of excess and deficit in all-cause mortality rates across different phases of the pandemic, as well as among various age groups and regions. In 2020, the most pronounced gender disparity in excess all-cause mortality emerged in April, with 4.28 additional female deaths per 100,000, whereas in 2021, the peak gender gap transpired in August, with 7.52 more male deaths per 100,000. Individuals in the 80 + age group exhibited the largest gender gap for most of the observed period. Gender differences in excess mortality were uniform across regions and over the period observed. Bangkok showed the highest gender disparity during the peak of the fourth wave, with 24.18 more male deaths per 100,000.
conclusionThe findings indicate an overall presence of gender inequality in excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand, observed across age groups and regions. These findings highlight the need for further attention to be paid to gender disparities in mortality and call for targeted interventions to address these disparities.
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