Applications of Modeling and Simulation Approaches in Support of Drug Product Development of Oral Dosage Forms and Locally Acting Drug Products: a Symposium Summary.

The number of modeling and simulation applications, including physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, physiologically based biopharmaceutics modeling (PBBM), and empirical models, has been constantly increasing along with the regulatory acceptance of these methodologies. While aiming at minimizing unnecessary human testing, these methodologies are used today to support the development and approval of novel drug products and generics. Modeling approaches are leveraged today for assessing drug-drug interaction, informing dose adjustments in renally or hepatically impaired patients, perform dose selection in pediatrics and pregnant women and diseased populations, and conduct biopharmaceutics-related assessments such as establish clinically relevant specifications for drug products and achieve quality assurance throughout the product life cycle. In the generics space, PBPK analyses are utilized toward virtual bioequivalence assessments within the scope of alternative bioequivalence approaches, product-specific guidance development, and food effect assessments among others. Case studies highlighting the evolving and expanding role of modeling and simulation approaches within the biopharmaceutics space were presented at the symposium titled "Model Informed Drug Development (MIDD): Role in Dose Selection, Vulnerable Populations, and Biowaivers - Chemical Entities" and Prologue "PBPK/PBBM to inform the Bioequivalence Safe Space, Food Effects, and pH-mediated DDIs" at the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) PharmSci 360 Annual Meeting in Boston, MA, on October 16-19, 2022, and are summarized here.