ArticleNature human behaviour2023
The positive-negative-competence (PNC) model of psychological responses to representations of robots.
Article in Nature human behaviour, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of psychological and behavioural responses in human-agent vs. human-human interactions.Communications psychology · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence Is Stereotypically Linked More with Socially Dominant Groups in Natural Language.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Perceived digital threats influencing smartphone use among the aging population.Scientific reports · 2025Article
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3 authors.
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Abstract
Robots are becoming an increasingly prominent part of society. Despite their growing importance, there exists no overarching model that synthesizes people's psychological reactions to robots and identifies what factors shape them. To address this, we created a taxonomy of affective, cognitive and behavioural processes in response to a comprehensive stimulus sample depicting robots from 28 domains of human activity (for example, education, hospitality and industry) and examined its individual difference predictors. Across seven studies that tested 9,274 UK and US participants recruited via online panels, we used a data-driven approach combining qualitative and quantitative techniques to develop the positive-negative-competence model, which categorizes all psychological processes in response to the stimulus sample into three dimensions: positive, negative and competence-related. We also established the main individual difference predictors of these dimensions and examined the mechanisms for each predictor. Overall, this research provides an in-depth understanding of psychological functioning regarding representations of robots.
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