ReviewFrontiers in public health2023
Progress and experiences of implementing an integrated disease surveillance and response system in Somalia; 2016-2023.
Review in Frontiers in public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of integrated disease surveillance and response (IDSR) in Africa: a systematic review using the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR).Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Real-time analytical insights for disease surveillance and response during the severe drought and food security crisis, Somalia 2022-2023.Conflict and health · 2026Article
- Prolonged multisectoral aid-driven reliance on health systems and governance post-conflict era in Somalia.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Review
- Climate-informed surveillance for climate-sensitive infectious diseases in Somalia: early warning systems, policy gaps, and preparedness priorities.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2026Review
- Public Health Challenges in Somalia: Strengthening Health Systems for Resilient and Equitable Healthcare Delivery.Journal of healthcare leadership · 2026Article
- Core competency gaps among Somalia's disease surveillance workforce: a cross-sectional study.The Pan African medical journal · 2026Article
- Challenges and opportunities in controlling and eradicating neglected tropical diseases: Public and private health operators in Somalia 2025.Tropical medicine and health · 2025Article
- Laboratory capacity-building during COVID-19 in Somalia: improving access to essential diagnostics for national health security in a fragile setting.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2025Article
- Community-based mortality surveillance among internally displaced vulnerable populations in Banadir region, Somalia, 2022-2023.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Visceral Leishmaniasis Service Delivery in Somalia: A Comprehensive Literature Review.Research and reports in tropical medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
24 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Introduction: In 2021, a regional strategy for integrated disease surveillance was adopted by member states of the World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region. But before then, member states including Somalia had made progress in integration of their disease surveillance systems. We report on the progress and experiences of implementing an integrated disease surveillance and response system in Somalia between 2016 and 2023. Methods: We reviewed 20 operational documents and identified key integrated disease surveillance and response system (IDSRS) actions/processes implemented between 2016 and 2023. We verified these through an anonymized online survey. The survey respondents also assessed Somalia's IDSRS implementation progress using a standard IDS monitoring framework Finally, we interviewed 8 key informants to explore factors to which the current IDSRS implementation progress is attributed. Results: Between 2016 and 2023, 7 key IDSRS actions/processes were implemented including: establishment of high-level commitment; development of a 3-year operational plan; development of a coordination mechanism; configuring the District Health Information Software to support implementation among others. IDSRS implementation progress ranged from 15% for financing to 78% for tools. Reasons for the progress were summarized under 6 thematic areas; understanding frustrations with the current surveillance system; the opportunity occasioned by COVID-19; mainstreaming IDSRS in strategic documents; establishment of an oversight mechanism; staggering implementation of key activities over a reasonable length of time and being flexible about pre-determined timelines. Discussion: From 2016 to 2023, Somalia registered significant progress towards implementation of IDSRS. The 15 years of EWARN implementation in Somalia (since 2008) provided a strong foundation for IDSRS implementation. If implemented comprehensively, IDSRS will accelerate country progress toward establishment of IHR core capacities. Sustainable funding is the major challenge towards IDSRS implementation in Somalia. Government and its partners need to exploit feasible options for sustainable investment in integrated disease surveillance and response.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.