ArticleAlzheimer's research & therapy2023
Stress, depression, and risk of dementia - a cohort study in the total population between 18 and 65 years old in Region Stockholm.
Article in Alzheimer's research & therapy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Depression as a prognostic factor for conversion from mild cognitive impairment to all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Characterization of a metabolomics signature of the brain-health-promoting MIND diet in older persons.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Article
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Health-Related Social Needs, and Cognitive Outcomes in US Veterans.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Stress and glucocorticoid exposure as a critical environmental risk factor for Alzheimer's disease.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2026Article
- Baseline cortical thinning in the visual cortex as a predictor of early mild cognitive impairment progression: a population-based follow-up study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Neuroprotective Potential ofBiomolecules · 2026Article
- Considerations in Alzheimer's Disease in Women.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Disturbing dreams and dementia incidence across diverse cohort studies: A COSMIC collaboration study.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Article
- Occupational class and dementia mortality: evidence from Belgian census-linked data.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Hippocampal Hap1 down-regulation impairs glucocorticoid receptor nuclear translocation and exacerbates Alzheimer's disease-related neuropathology in APP/PS1 mice.Zoological research · 2026Article
- New Strategies for the Prevention and Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease Based on Stimulation of Brain Drainage and Lymphatic Clearance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Associations between joint air pollution exposure, mental health, and physical health and dementia incidence in an aging U.S. cohort.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- The association between depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances and dementia: a prospective cohort study of 350,186 adults.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- GPCR-Mediated Cell Intelligence: A Potential Mechanism for Survival and Long-Term Health.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Cognition, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: A Review.Recent patents on biotechnology · 2026Review
- Physical activity and psychosocial profiles associated with mental health risk in community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- Fecal Metabolomic Insights into Memory-Associated Pathways Modulated byAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Posttraumatic stress disorder, major depression, and mild cognitive impairment: A cohort study of world trade center responders.Psychiatry research · 2026Article
- Modifying Factors of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis: A Dorsoventral Perspective in Health and Disease.Cells · 2025Review
- Epigenetic Signatures of Social Defeat Stress Varying Duration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChronic stress and depression are potential risk factors for mild cognitive impairment and dementia, including Alzheimer disease. The aim was to investigate whether any such risk is additive.
methodsCohort study including 1 362 548 people (665 997 women, 696 551 men) with records in the Region Stockholm administrative healthcare database (VAL). Exposure was a recorded ICD-10 diagnosis of chronic stress, depression, or both, recorded in 2012 or 2013. Outcome was a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease, other dementia, or mild cognitive impairment recorded from 2014 through 2022. Odds ratios with 99% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for age, sex, neighborhood socioeconomic status, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders were calculated.
resultsDuring the exposure period, 4 346 patients were diagnosed with chronic stress, 40 101 with depression, and 1 898 with both. The average age at baseline was around 40 years in all groups. In the fully adjusted model, the odds ratio of Alzheimer disease was 2.45 (99% CI 1.22-4.91) in patients with chronic stress, 2.32 (99% CI 1.85-2.90) in patients with depression, and 4.00 (99% CI 1.67-9.58) in patients with chronic stress and depression. The odds ratio of mild cognitive impairment was 1.87 (99% CI 1.20-2.91) in patients with chronic stress, 2.85 (99% CI 2.53-3.22) in patients with depression, and 3.87 (99% CI 2.39-6.27) in patients with both. When other dementia was analyzed, the odds ratio was significant only in patients with depression, 2.39 (99% CI 1.92-2.96).
conclusionsDocumented chronic stress increased the risk of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease. The same was seen with depression. The novel finding is the potential additive effect of chronic stress to depression, on risk of MCI and AD.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.