ArticleJournal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology2024
Patterns of urinary organophosphate ester metabolite trajectories in children: the HOME Study.
Article in Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identifying associations and key early life exposure windows for organophosphate esters and adolescent brain morphometry in the HOME study.Environmental research · 2026Article
- Association between gestational and childhood exposures to organophosphate esters and social skill, problem behavior among adolescents.Environmental research · 2026Article
- Review
- Phenotypic and Functional Outcomes in Macrophages Exposed to an Environmentally Relevant Mixture of Organophosphate EstersEnvironmental health perspectives · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOrganophosphate esters (OPEs) have replaced flame retardant polybrominated diphenyl ethers as flame retardants in consumer products, but few longitudinal studies have characterized childhood OPE exposure.
objectiveWe aimed to examine the exposure pattern of urinary OPE metabolites in children.
methodsWe quantified three urinary OPE metabolites five times in children (1, 2, 3, 5, 8 years) from 312 mother-child pairs in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. We examined the associations of average maternal OPE metabolite concentrations with OPE metabolite concentrations in childhood, characterized childhood OPE trajectories with latent class growth analysis (LCGA), and examined factors related to trajectory membership.
resultsBis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP) had the lowest median concentrations over time (0.66-0.97 mg/L) while the median concentrations of bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) increased with age (1.44-3.80 mg/L). The median concentrations of diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) fluctuated between 1.96 and 2.69 mg/L. Intraclass correlation coefficients for urinary metabolites measured at five time points indicated high variability within individuals (0.13-0.24). Average maternal urinary BCEP and BDCIPP were associated with concentrations in early childhood. Maternal education, the birth year of the child, and having a carpet in the main activity room were associated with BCEP and BDCIPP trajectory while none of the factors were associated with DPHP trajectory. SIGNIFICANCE: The trajectory analysis showed different patterns of urinary OPE metabolite concentrations, suggesting the need to collect multiple samples to adequately reflect OPE exposure. IMPACT STATEMENT: In this well-established cohort, we evaluated the patterns of urinary OPE metabolites in children ages 1-8 years. The number of repeated measures over childhood has not been achieved in prior studies. Our results suggested the high variability of urinary OPE metabolites within individuals. Maternal metabolite concentrations during pregnancy were related to child concentrations at ages 1-3 years. BCEP, BDCIPP, and DPHP demonstrated different trajectories in children, which suggests that multiple samples may be required to capture OPE exposure patterns in childhood.
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