ArticleMethods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)2024
Evaluation of Tight Junction Integrity in Brain Endothelial Cells Using Confocal Microscopy.
Article in Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Actin polymerization drives endogenous MMP-9 upregulation and blood-brain barrier disruption in ischemic brain endothelial cells.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Article
- Experimental Study on Changes in the Structure of the Blood-Brain Barrier after Treatment with Bevacizumab for Traumatic Cerebral Edema.Neurocritical care · 2026Article
- From Polyphenols to Prodrugs: Bridging the Blood-Brain Barrier with Nanomedicine and Neurotherapeutics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Netrin-5 Preserves Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity via Wnt3a/β-Catenin Pathway Activation in Murine Cerebral Ischemia.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Selective antagonism of adenosine A2A receptor reduces hypobaric hypoxia-induced neuroinflammation by inhibiting cGAS-STING pathway.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- 3DFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Cerebral Endothelial CXCR2 Promotes Neutrophil Transmigration into Central Nervous System in LPS-Induced Septic Encephalopathy.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- The Cellular Dysfunction of the Brain-Blood Barrier from Endothelial Cells to Astrocytes: The Pathway towards Neurotransmitter Impairment in Schizophrenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Neurovascular unit, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration markers in brain disorders.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly complex and dynamic microvascular barrier that protects the brain parenchyma from the entry of pathogens, toxins, and other macromolecules and is a critical structure that helps to maintain brain homeostasis. The BBB is formed mainly by brain capillary endothelial cells and perivascular astrocytes and pericytes. One of the primary properties of the BBB is a tight regulation of paracellular permeability due to the presence of tight junctional complexes (also, adherens and gap junctions) between the neighboring microvascular endothelial cells. Alterations in the assembly of the tight junctions impair BBB properties, particularly influenced barrier integrity and permeability. The tight junctions of the BBB are mainly composed of proteins including claudins, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). Zonula occludens-1 binds to the actin cytoskeleton, and its localization provides valuable information on the status of BBB integrity and permeability. Immunofluorescence localization of ZO-1 and/or other tight junction proteins is a reliable indicator of barrier integrity and permeability in microvascular endothelial cells. In microvascular endothelial cells, f-actin stress fiber formation significantly influences the rate and size of the inter-endothelial cell gap that form as cells retract from their borders. Rhodamine phalloidin is a popular conjugate used as a fluorescent label for f-actin. Herein, we describe the procedures for ZO-1 immunofluorescence and f-actin labeling followed by confocal microscopic imaging to determine barrier integrity and tight junction organization in brain microvascular endothelial cells in vitro.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.