ReviewBMC medicine2023
Multimodal non-invasive non-pharmacological therapies for chronic pain: mechanisms and progress.
Review in BMC medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 118 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
118 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Art therapy and emotional pain: a scoping review of physiological and biological measures.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- State of the art in EEG signal features of mindfulness-based treatments for chronic pain.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Pooled it
- Trigeminal neuralgia improvement following Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS): a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Yoga Nidra and Pain: A between-, within-Group Meta-Analysis and Dose Response Meta-Regression.Complementary medicine research · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of antidepressants for pain in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Healthcare providers' pain management practice and its associated factors in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta- analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Low-Frequency Stimulation Provides Significant Added Benefit for Postpartum Urinary Incontinence: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Neurourology and urodynamics · 2026Trial
- Management of COPD and comorbidities in COPD patients by dispensing pharmaceutical care following Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease-guidelines (GOLD guidelines 2020): a prospective randomized clinical trial.BMC health services research · 2026Trial
- Effects of TENS with home exercise improve pain and muscle strength in older adults with pre-radiographic to mild knee osteoarthritis.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Postpartum Contraction Pain During Elective Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Short-term effects of Kinesiotaping combined with a rehabilitation program for rotator cuff-related shoulder pain: a randomized, assessor-blinded clinical trial.The Journal of manual & manipulative therapy · 2025Trial
- Comparison of responders and nonresponders with knee osteoarthritis after transcranial direct current stimulation.Pain management · 2024Trial
- Cancer-related pain: A bidirectional modulator of cancer progression.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Review
- A Scoping Review of Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Interventions to Treat Chronic Ocular Pain.Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society · 2026Article
- Cannabidiol in the anterior insular cortex attenuates chronic neuropathic pain and comorbid anxiety- and depression-like behaviors: involvement of CBPsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Melorheostosis: A Case Report on the Atypical Clinical Presentation and Management of a Rare Sclerosing Bone Disease.Cureus · 2026Article
- Neuropathic Corneal Pain and Blepharospasm: A Case Series.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- What Role Does the Central Nervous System Play in Refractory LUTS, and What Are the Therapeutic Implications? ICI-RS 2025.Neurourology and urodynamics · 2026Review
- Review
- Targeting Neuroinflammation and Peripheral Nerve Dysfunction in Refractory Postherpetic Neuralgia: A Multimodal Injection Case Series.The American journal of case reports · 2026Article
58 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChronic pain conditions impose significant burdens worldwide. Pharmacological treatments like opioids have limitations. Non-invasive non-pharmacological therapies (NINPT) encompass diverse interventions including physical, psychological, complementary and alternative approaches, and other innovative techniques that provide analgesic options for chronic pain without medications. MAIN BODY: This review elucidates the mechanisms of major NINPT modalities and synthesizes evidence for their clinical potential across chronic pain populations. NINPT leverages peripheral, spinal, and supraspinal mechanisms to restore normal pain processing and limit central sensitization. However, heterogeneity in treatment protocols and individual responses warrants optimization through precision medicine approaches.
conclusionFuture adoption of NINPT requires addressing limitations in standardization and accessibility as well as synergistic combination with emerging therapies. Overall, this review highlights the promise of NINPT as a valuable complementary option ready for integration into contemporary pain medicine paradigms to improve patient care and outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.