ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2024
Estimating Post-treatment Recurrence After Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment Among Patients With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus: The Impact of Assumptions About Death and Missing Follow-up.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bedaquiline, delamanid, linezolid, and clofazimine for rifampicin-resistant and fluoroquinolone-resistant tuberculosis (endTB-Q): an open-label, multicentre, stratified, non-inferiority, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2025Trial
- Estimating the effect of hepatitis C infection on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment outcomes under hypothetical interventions on regimen composition and adherence.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Observational
- Cost-effectiveness evaluation of bedaquiline- and delamanid-containing regimens for multidrug-/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in China: a retrospective study based on three nationwide, real-world multicenter cohorts.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- The Frequency and Incidence of QT Prolongation With Extended Use of Bedaquiline or Delamanid in a Large, Multi-Country Multidrug-Resistant/Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis Cohort.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of a bedaquiline, linezolid, clofazimine 'core' for multidrug-resistant TB.IJTLD open · 2025Article
- Sustained treatment success at 12 months for drug-resistant TB patients on concomitant bedaquiline-delamanid.IJTLD open · 2025Article
- End of treatment and 12-month post-treatment outcomes in patients treated with all-oral regimens for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in Ukraine: a prospective cohort study.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
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26 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundQuantification of recurrence risk following successful treatment is crucial to evaluating regimens for multidrug- or rifampicin-resistant (MDR/RR) tuberculosis (TB). However, such analyses are complicated when some patients die or become lost during post-treatment follow-up.
methodsWe analyzed data on 1991 patients who successfully completed a longer MDR/RR-TB regimen containing bedaquiline and/or delamanid between 2015 and 2018 in 16 countries. Using 5 approaches for handling post-treatment deaths, we estimated 6-month post-treatment TB recurrence risk overall and by HIV status. We used inverse-probability weighting to account for patients with missing follow-up and investigated the impact of potential bias from excluding these patients without applying inverse-probability weights.
resultsThe estimated TB recurrence risk was 7.4/1000 (95% credible interval: 3.3-12.8) when deaths were handled as non-recurrences and 7.6/1000 (3.3-13.0) when deaths were censored and inverse-probability weights were applied to account for the excluded deaths. The estimated risks of composite recurrence outcomes were 25.5 (15.3-38.1), 11.7 (6.4-18.2), and 8.6 (4.1-14.4) per 1000 for recurrence or (1) any death, (2) death with unknown or TB-related cause, or (3) TB-related death, respectively. Corresponding relative risks for HIV status varied in direction and magnitude. Exclusion of patients with missing follow-up without inverse-probability weighting had a small impact on estimates.
conclusionsThe estimated 6-month TB recurrence risk was low, and the association with HIV status was inconclusive due to few recurrence events. Estimation of post-treatment recurrence will be enhanced by explicit assumptions about deaths and appropriate adjustment for missing follow-up data.
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