ArticleScientific reports2023
Fresh and frozen cardiac tissue are comparable in DNA methylation array β-values, but formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue may overestimate DNA methylation levels.
Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adipose-Derived Stem Cells From Human Lumbar Subcutaneous Tissue in Obesity: Inflammatory Microenvironment Promotes Differentiation Capacity.Stem cells international · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the HumanMethylationEPIC v2.0 Bead Chip Using Low Quality and Quantity DNA Samples.Biological procedures online · 2025Article
- Quality control checkpoints for high throughput DNA methylation measurement using the human MethylationEPICv1 array: application to formalin-fixed paraffin embedded prostate tissue.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- DNA methylation stability in cardiac tissues kept at different temperatures and time intervals.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Technical considerations for placental tissue processing and the subsequent impact on genome-wide DNA methylation analysis.Clinical epigenetics · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Untreated fresh cardiac tissue is the optimal tissue material for investigating DNA methylation patterns of cardiac biology and diseases. However, fresh tissue is difficult to obtain. Therefore, tissue stored as frozen or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) is widely used for DNA methylation studies. It is unknown whether storage conditions alter the DNA methylation in cardiac tissue. In this study, we compared the DNA methylation patterns of fresh, frozen, and FFPE cardiac tissue to investigate if the storage method affected the DNA methylation results. We used the Infinium MethylationEPIC assay to obtain genome-wide methylation levels in fresh, frozen, and FFPE tissues from nine individuals. We found that the DNA methylation levels of 21.4% of the examined CpG sites were overestimated in the FFPE samples compared to that of fresh and frozen tissue, whereas 5.7% were underestimated. Duplicate analyses of the DNA methylation patterns showed high reproducibility (precision) for frozen and FFPE tissues. In conclusion, we found that frozen and FFPE tissues gave reproducible DNA methylation results and that frozen and fresh tissues gave similar results.
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