ArticleEuropean journal of medical research2023
Clinical significance of interleukin-6, total bilirubin, CD3 + CD4 + T cells counts in the acute exacerbation of connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease: a cross-sectional study.
Article in European journal of medical research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multiomic analysis identifies T cell subsets and mechanisms of epithelial interaction in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Clinical characteristics of lung cancer in patients with connective tissue disease associated interstitial lung disease: a brief report.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Immunological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches in pulmonary fibrosis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Efficacy of Janus kinase inhibitors in the treatment of acute exacerbations of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: a retrospective observational case series.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Observational
- Pilot study ofRespiratory research · 2025Article
- Combining Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Integrative Studies to Explore the Mechanism ofFood science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Pulmonary Complications in Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease.The clinical respiratory journal · 2025Review
- An investigation of causality between obstructive sleep apnea and interstitial lung disease: Insights from two-sample mendelian randomization.Respiratory medicine · 2025Article
- A narrative review on lung injury: mechanisms, biomarkers, and monitoring.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveInterstitial lung disease (ILD) is a severe complication of connective tissue disease (CTD) that can significantly impact patients' prognosis and quality of life. However, the current diagnostic arena lacks reliable biomarkers for detecting and monitoring the progression and exacerbation of CTD-ILD. This study aimed to investigate the clinical value of 12 serum cytokines in the diagnosis of CTD-ILD and prediction of the risk of acute exacerbation (AE) in this disease.
methodsThis study was a cross-sectional investigation. Ninety-one hospitalized CTD patients were allocated into two groups: CTD-ILD group (n = 61) and CTD-non-ILD group (n = 30), and 30 sex-age matched healthy volunteers were enrolled as controls. The serum concentrations of interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, and IL-1β were measured by Luminex suspension arrays. Logistic regression was employed to determine the significance of variables in the occurrence of AE-CTD-ILD. A nomogram was constructed to visualize the independent variables.
resultsElevated levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were observed and compared in the CTD-ILD group with CTD-non-ILD (all P < 0.05). Similarly, the levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were higher in the acute exacerbation (AE-CTD-ILD) group compared with stable CTD-ILD (S-CTD-ILD) (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.022). Significant correlations between serum IL-6 and PaO2/FiO2 ratio (r = - 0.463, P < 0.001), percent predicted forced vital capacity (FVC%; r = - 0.362, P < 0.05), and total ground-glass opacity (GGO) score (r = 0.439, P < 0.001) were observed in CTD-ILD patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that elevated IL-6 levels, total bilirubin (TBil), and decreased CD3 + CD4 + T cells counts were independent risk factors for the occurrence of AE-CTD-ILD (OR = 1.121, P = 0.024; OR = 1.865, P = 0.047; OR = 0.983, P = 0.037, respectively). Furthermore, by employing these three variables in combination for the prediction of AE status, their collective impact surpasses the independent effects of any single biomarker.
conclusionsElevated levels of serum IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were associated with the complication of ILD in CTD patients and the occurrence of AE in CTD-ILD patients. IL-6 could be a promising serum biomarker of severity and the occurrence of AE in CTD-ILD patients. The combination of the three variables (IL-6 level, TBil and CD3 + CD4 + T cells) predicted the AE-CTD-ILD better.
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