SynthesisMovement disorders clinical practice2023
Continuous Subcutaneous Infusion Delivery of Apomorphine in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Movement disorders clinical practice, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Parkinson's disease in the United Arab Emirates (UAE): Emirates Neurology Society consensus guidelines.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Guideline
- Identification of the efficacy and safety of apomorphine in the treatment of Parkinson's disease via meta-analysis.BMC neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Review
- Continuous apomorphine infusion modulates cortical hyperexcitability and abnormal plasticity in Parkinson's disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- Frailty in Parkinson's disease: time to integrate it into treatment decision-making?Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Is continuous dopaminergic delivery still a major goal to be achieved in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- [Continuous Subcutaneous Apomorphine Infusion Therapy: Economic Impact in Spain].Revista de neurologia · 2026Article
- Advanced Therapeutics in Parkinson's Disease: What's New?Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Real-world experience with continuous subcutaneous foslevodopa/foscarbidopa infusion: insights and recommendations.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Article
- Subcutaneous Apomorphine Infusion Initiation Is Associated with Impulse Control Disorder Attenuation in Advanced Parkinson's Disease Patients: Insights from the French NS-Park Cohort.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Observational
- Biochemical and nutritional changes during continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion in advanced Parkinson's disease: findings from an observational cohort.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026Article
- Profile of People With Parkinson's Disease Treated With a Device-Aided Therapy in Spain. A Comparative Multicenter Observational Study.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Observational
- Reply: "Improving the Study of Impulse Control Disorders in CSAI-Treated Parkinson's Disease: Methodological and Interdisciplinary Directions".Movement disorders clinical practice · 2025Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Twelve Anti-Dyskinetic Drugs in Parkinson's Disease: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.European journal of neurology · 2025Review
- Twenty-five-year experience with apomorphine pump in Parkinson's disease: A real-life long-term retrospective tolerance study.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Advanced therapies in Parkinson's disease: an individualized approach to their indication.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2024Review
- How to Use the New European Academy of Neurology/Movement Disorder Society European Section Guideline for Invasive Therapies in Parkinson's Disease.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2024Review
- Personality and quality-of-life improvement after apomorphine infusion in Parkinson's disease.Brain communications · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion (CSAI) is one of the advanced therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: A systematic review of all published articles in English on CSAI for PD till January 30, 2022 was conducted. Results: A total of 82 articles met the search criteria. Publications included retrospective or prospective open-label observational studies, with a limited number of randomized control trials (RCT). Publications were highly heterogeneous and focused on different aspects of CSAI and included clinical audits, effects on cognition/behavior, axial symptoms, nocturnal issues, adverse events/reasons for discontinuation and comparison with other continuous dopaminergic therapies. CSAI was used in patients who presented severe motor fluctuations not resolved by oral therapy, poor candidates for deep brain stimulation (DBS) due to cognitive/behavioral issues or in those with DBS weaning effect. Recent studies have also shown that CSAI was useful for nocturnal usage in advanced PD, in addition to daytime utilization. Adverse effects were common and include skin lesions, sedation and nausea. Pump management difficulties and patient decisions were common reasons for therapy dropout, predominantly during the initial stages of the CSAI. Conclusion: There is consistent agreement on the benefits of CSAI in reducing OFF periods and improving ON periods without troublesome dyskinesia and specific motor and non-motor symptoms. Although there is a paucity of RCTs, current data from almost 30 years of use suggests CSAI to be beneficial in advanced cases of PD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.