ReviewMovement disorders clinical practice2023
A Reflection on Motor Overflow, Mirror Phenomena, Synkinesia and Entrainment.
Review in Movement disorders clinical practice, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Involuntary mouth movements associated with dementia in Parkinson's Disease.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2026Article
- Congenital Mirror Movements in A Family with TUBB2B Mutation.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Article
- Mirror movements: mechanisms, diagnosis, and emerging therapeutic strategies.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2026Review
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation and motor overflow: a systematic review in neurological disorders.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Positive Clinical Signs in Functional Neurological Disorders: A Narrative Review and Development of a Clinical Decision Tool.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- EFNB3 Frameshift Variant in Weimaraner Dogs with a Condition Resembling a Congenital Mirror Movement Disorder.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2025Article
- Definition and Classification of Dystonia.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2025Review
- Boundaries of task-specificity: bimanual finger dexterity is reduced in musician's dystonia.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Hand-foot synkinesis in a patient with phenytoin intoxication.Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In patients with movement disorders, voluntary movements can sometimes be accompanied by unintentional muscle contractions in other body regions. In this review, we discuss clinical and pathophysiological aspects of several motor phenomena including mirror movements, dystonic overflow, synkinesia, entrainment and mirror dystonia, focusing on their similarities and differences. These phenomena share some common clinical and pathophysiological features, which often leads to confusion in their definition. However, they differ in several aspects, such as the body part showing the undesired movement, the type of this movement (identical or not to the intentional movement), the underlying neurological condition, and the role of primary motor areas, descending pathways and inhibitory circuits involved, suggesting that these are distinct phenomena. We summarize the main features of these fascinating clinical signs aiming to improve the clinical recognition and standardize the terminology in research studies. We also suggest that the term "mirror dystonia" may be not appropriate to describe this peculiar phenomenon which may be closer to dystonic overflow rather than to the classical mirror movements.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.