ArticleFrontiers in aging neuroscience2023
Changes in smoking, alcohol consumption, and the risk of Parkinson's disease.
Article in Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Impact of Alcohol Intake on Parkinson's Disease Risk and Progression: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2026Pooled it
- Interplay of GBA1 with lysosomal dysfunction and inflammation in Parkinson's disease.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Exercise and smoking: health rivals revealing shared protective mechanisms in Parkinson's?NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- Role of Reactive Astrocytes and Microglia: Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Neuroprotection and Repair in Parkinson's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Proposed mechanisms of neuroprotection for nicotine in Parkinson's disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2025Review
- Midlife Vascular Risk Factors, Parkinson Disease, and Parkinson Disease-Dementia: The ARIC Study.Neurology · 2025Article
- A Genome-wide study on the genetic and causal effects of smoking in neurodegeneration.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- The association of cigarette smoking with the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy: based on cross-sectional survey and mendelian randomization.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Investigation of the causal relationship between cholelithiasis and Parkinson's disease: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Potential risk of proton pump inhibitors for Parkinson's disease: A nationwide nested case-control study.PloS one · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: There have been no studies on the association between changes in smoking and alcohol consumption or combined changes in smoking and alcohol consumption frequencies and PD risk. To assess the influence of changes in smoking and alcohol consumption on the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database between January 2009 to December 2011 was analyzed. A total of 3,931,741 patients were included. Study participants were followed up for the incidence of PD until December 2017. Results: Compared to the sustained non-smokers, sustained light smokers (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.75-0.85), sustained moderate smokers (aHR 0.54, 95% CI 0.47-0.61), and sustained heavy smokers (aHR 0.49, 95% CI 0.44-0.55) had a lower risk of PD. Compared to those who sustained non-drinking, sustained light drinkers (aHR 0.85 95% CI 0.89-0.91), sustained moderate drinkers (aHR 0.68, 95% CI 0.60-0.78), and sustained heavy drinkers (aHR 0.77, 95% CI 0.68-0.87) showed decreased risk of PD. Among non-drinkers, those who started drinking to a light level were at decreased risk of PD (aHR 0.84, 95% CI 0.77-0.91). Among non-smoking and non-drinking participants, those who initiated smoking only (aHR 0.78, 95% CI 0.70-0.86), drinking only (aHR 0.77, 95% CI 0.68-0.87), and both smoking and drinking (aHR 0.69, 95% CI 0.58-0.82) showed decreased risk of PD. Conclusion: Smoking is associated with decreased risk of PD with a dose-response relationship. Alcohol consumption at a light level may also be associated with decreased risk of PD. Further studies are warranted to find the possible mechanisms for the protective effects of smoking and drinking on PD, which may present insights into the etiology of PD.
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