Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37770754›Full record

ArticleNature biomedical engineering2023

In-ear integrated sensor array for the continuous monitoring of brain activity and of lactate in sweat.

Yuchen Xu, Ernesto De la Paz, Akshay Paul, Kuldeep Mahato, Juliane R Sempionatto, Nicholas Tostado, Min Lee, Gopabandhu Hota, Muyang Lin, Abhinav Uppal and 9 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature biomedical engineering, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
58citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

58 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Wearable Flexible Sensors for Cardiovascular Disease Monitoring.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026
    Review
  10. Full-Stack Architectures for Intelligent Brain-Computer Interfaces.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Ionic-Bionic Interfaces: Advancing Iontronic Strategies for Bioelectronic Sensing and Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Yuchen Xu *Shu Chien - Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4953-8747
Ernesto De la Paz *Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Akshay PaulShu Chien - Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Kuldeep MahatoDepartment of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Juliane R SempionattoDepartment of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2431-9019
Nicholas TostadoDepartment of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Min LeeShu Chien - Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-3480-6370
Gopabandhu HotaDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Muyang LinDepartment of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6627-6294
Abhinav UppalShu Chien - Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-4722-1005
William ChenShu Chien - Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Srishty DuaDepartment of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Lu YinDepartment of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Brian L WuerstleDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Stephen DeissShu Chien - Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Patrick MercierDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. pmercier@ucsd.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1488-5076
Sheng XuShu Chien - Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. shengxu@ucsd.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3120-4992
Joseph WangDepartment of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. josephwang@ucsd.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4921-9674
Gert CauwenberghsShu Chien - Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. gcauwenberghs@ucsd.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3166-5529

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Owing to the proximity of the ear canal to the central nervous system, in-ear electrophysiological systems can be used to unobtrusively monitor brain states. Here, by taking advantage of the ear's exocrine sweat glands, we describe an in-ear integrated array of electrochemical and electrophysiological sensors placed on a flexible substrate surrounding a user-generic earphone for the simultaneous monitoring of lactate concentration and brain states via electroencephalography, electrooculography and electrodermal activity. In volunteers performing an acute bout of exercise, the device detected elevated lactate levels in sweat concurrently with the modulation of brain activity across all electroencephalography frequency bands. Simultaneous and continuous unobtrusive in-ear monitoring of metabolic biomarkers and brain electrophysiology may allow for the discovery of dynamic and synergetic interactions between brain and body biomarkers in real-world settings for long-term health monitoring or for the detection or monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases.

Indexed as

BrainEarLactic AcidSweatAdultBiomarkersElectroencephalographyElectrooculographyExerciseFemaleHumansMaleMonitoring, PhysiologicBiomarkersLactic Acid

Identifiers

PMID37770754
PMCPMC10589098

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.