ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2024
Immunological factors linked to geographical variation in vaccine responses.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A systematic review reveals that African children of 15-17 years demonstrate low hepatitis B vaccine seroprotection rates.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Safety and Immunogenicity of an rVSV Lassa Fever Vaccine Candidate.The New England journal of medicine · 2025Trial
- T cell responses in repeated controlled human schistosome infection compared to natural exposure.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Effects of sex but not race and geographic origin on vaccine-induced HIV-specific antibody responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- The effect of BCG revaccination on the response to unrelated vaccines in urban Ugandan adolescents (POPVAC C): an open-label, randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Global health · 2024Trial
- Immune response to rotavirus vaccines in low- and middle-income countries: Challenges and perspectives.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Phage-display immunoprecipitation sequencing reveals distinct antibody repertoire patterns across rural and urban populations.iScience · 2026Article
- Lymphocyte-mediated immune responses to Leishmania infection.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Association between helminth infection and impaired SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses following COVID-19 vaccination: a cross-sectional study in Malawi.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Hematological consequences of environmental change during dewilding of rhesus macaques.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Exposure tobioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Environmental drivers of low vaccine responsiveness in a lab-to-wild rodent model.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- The role of naturally occurring and vaccine-induced Ad26 neutralizing antibodies in immunogenicity of Ad26-based vaccines.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Variability in the TLR3 type I interferon pathway is predictive of RNA vaccine responses.Science advances · 2026Article
- Assessing the global burden of acute viral hepatitis in the elderly: a comprehensive analysis of data from the GBD 2021 database.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Attenuating age-related decline in dendritic cell migration improves vaccine efficacy via gut-immune crosstalk.Nature aging · 2026Article
- Cytotoxic Vδ2+ T cell subsets expand in response to malaria in human tonsil and spleen organoids.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- mRNA vaccination overcomes haemozoin-mediated impairment of whole-parasite malaria vaccines in mice.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Coinfection with malaria alters the fecundity and within-host persistence of an intestinal nematode.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Vaccination is one of medicine's greatest achievements; however, its full potential is hampered by considerable variation in efficacy across populations and geographical regions. For example, attenuated malaria vaccines in high-income countries confer almost 100% protection, whereas in low-income regions these same vaccines achieve only 20-50% protection. This trend is also observed for other vaccines, such as bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), rotavirus and yellow fever vaccines, in terms of either immunogenicity or efficacy. Multiple environmental factors affect vaccine responses, including pathogen exposure, microbiota composition and dietary nutrients. However, there has been variable success with interventions that target these individual factors, highlighting the need for a better understanding of their downstream immunological mechanisms to develop new ways of modulating vaccine responses. Here, we review the immunological factors that underlie geographical variation in vaccine responses. Through the identification of causal pathways that link environmental influences to vaccine responsiveness, it might become possible to devise modulatory compounds that can complement vaccines for better outcomes in regions where they are needed most.
Indexed as
Identifiers
37770632What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.