ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2023
Epidemiological and molecular evidence of intrafamilial transmission through sexual and vertical routes in Bahia, the state with the highest prevalence of HTLV-1 in Brazil.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Critical Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) Concerning HTLV-1 Infection Among Healthcare Professionals in Gabon.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Epidemiology and Clinical Outcomes of HTLV-1: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Endemic and Nonendemic Regions.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2026Review
- [Prevalence of HTLV-1 infection in family members of index cases in PeruPrevalência familiar da infecção pelo HTLV-1 a partir de um caso índice no Peru].Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2026Article
- Silent dissemination of HTLV-1: evidence of intrafamilial transmission in a Brazilian reference centre.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2025Article
- Stability and Perpetuation of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1 (HTLV-1) in Intrafamilial Transmissions of Infection in an Endemic Region of the Brazilian Amazon: A Pilot Study.Journal of tropical medicine · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionFamilial clustering of HTLV-1 and related diseases has been reported in Brazil. However, intrafamilial transmission of HTLV-1 based on molecular analysis has been studied only in a few communities of Japanese immigrants and African-Brazilians.
objectiveTo investigate the familial clustering of HTLV-1 infection and to determine the likely routes of transmission through epidemiological and genetic analyzes.
methodsMedical records of 1,759 HTLV-1+ patients from de the Center for HTLV in Salvador, Brazil, were evaluated to identify first-degree relatives previously tested for HTLV-1. Familial clustering was assumed if more than one member of the same family was HTLV-1+. LTR regions of HTLV-1 sequences were analyzed for the presence of intrafamilial polymorphisms. Family pedigrees were constructed and analyzed to infer the likely transmission routes of HTLV-1.
resultsIn 154 patients at least one other family member had tested positive for HTLV-1 (a total of 182 first-degree relatives). Of the 91 couples (182 individuals), 51.6% were breastfed, and 67.4% reported never using a condom. Of the 42 mother-child pairs, 23.8% had a child aged 13 years or younger; all mothers reported breastfeeding their babies. Pedigrees of families with 4 or more members suggests that vertical transmission is a likely mode of transmission in three families. Three families may have had both vertical and sexual transmission routes for HTLV-1. The genetic signatures of the LTR region of 8 families revealed 3 families with evidence of vertical transmission, another 3 families (spouses) with sexual transmission, and one family with both transmission routes. HTLV-1 sequences belonged to Cosmopolitan subtype HTLV-1a Transcontinental subgroup A.
conclusionSexual and vertical transmission routes contribute to the intrafamilial spread of HTLV-1 in the state of Bahia.
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