ReviewViruses2023
COVID-19 Vaccines over Three Years after the Outbreak of the COVID-19 Epidemic.
Review in Viruses, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Perspective Overview of Changing Population Immunity to COVID-19 in the Context of Infection, Vaccination, and Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The COVID-19 Vaccination Rollout in Tanzania: The Role of Coordination in Its Success.Vaccines · 2025Article
- [Platform technologies in vaccine development].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2025Review
- Manufacturing Technology and Effectiveness of Corona Vaccines: A Bibliometric Review.Archives of Razi Institute · 2025Review
- Comparing COVID-19 literacy and vaccine hesitancy among health care workers, including oral health professionals, in Japan.BDJ open · 2025Article
- Identification, functional analysis, and clinical applications of defective viral genomes.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Development of a Recombinant Omicron BA.1 Subunit Vaccine Candidate in Pichia pastoris.Microbial biotechnology · 2025Article
- Rethinking Optimal Immunogens to Face SARS-CoV-2 Evolution Through Vaccination.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Review
- Review
- High throughput screening for SARS-CoV-2 helicase inhibitors.SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D · 2024Article
- Vaccines for Respiratory Viruses-COVID and Beyond.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Eucalyptus Essential Oil Inhibits Cell Infection by SARS-CoV-2 Spike Pseudotyped Lentivirus.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Toward a SARS-CoV-2 VLP Vaccine: HBc/G as a Carrier for SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBM and Nucleocapsid Protein-Derived Peptides.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Review
- Overview of anti-viral effects of probiotics via immune cells in pre-, mid- and post-SARS-CoV2 era.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 started in December 2019 and spread rapidly all over the world. It became clear that the development of an effective vaccine was the only way to stop the pandemic. It was the first time in the history of infectious diseases that the process of the development of a new vaccine was conducted on such a large scale and accelerated so rapidly. At the end of 2020, the first COVID-19 vaccines were approved for marketing. At the end of March 2023, over three years after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, 199 vaccines were in pre-clinical development and 183 in clinical development. The candidate vaccines in the clinical phase are based on the following platforms: protein subunit, DNA, RNA, non-replication viral vector, replicating viral vector, inactivated virus, virus-like particles, live attenuated virus, replicating viral vector combined with an antigen-presenting cell, non-replication viral vector combined with an antigen-presenting cell, and bacterial antigen-spore expression vector. Some of the new vaccine platforms have been approved for the first time for human application. This review presents COVID-19 vaccines currently available in the world, procedures for assurance of the quality and safety of the vaccines, the vaccinated population, as well as future perspectives for the new vaccine platforms in drug and therapy development for infectious and non-infectious diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.