ReviewPharmaceutics2023
Optical Methods for Non-Invasive Determination of Skin Penetration: Current Trends, Advances, Possibilities, Prospects, and Translation into In Vivo Human Studies.
Review in Pharmaceutics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Magnetic resonance and X-ray contrast agents in the optical clearing of dermis - insights fromBiomedical optics express · 2026Article
- Palladium Porphyrin-Modified Fibrin Hydrogel for Oxygen Sensing in Engineered Skin Tissue Applications.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Raman-assessed cutaneous pharmacokinetics of doxepin topical products.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Terpene-enhanced olaminogel for superior vaginal permeation: robust assessment through in vitro, microbiological, ex vivo, and in vivo evaluations.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Skin Penetration of Fluorescent Dissolved Formulations Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Advanced Skin Imaging Techniques for Patients with Skin of Color: Clinical and Technological Insights.Dermatology practical & conceptual · 2025Review
- Improved Dual-Modality Bioequivalence Evaluation of Topical Formulations Within Human Skin Using Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Topical Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Formulations for Acne Vulgaris: A Systematic Review of Pre-Clinical and Early-Phase Clinical Evidence.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Optical coherence tomography for noninvasive monitoring of drug delivery.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2025Review
- Identifying the Molecular Fingerprint of Beta-Lactams via Raman/SERS Spectroscopy Using Unconventional Nanoparticles for Antimicrobial Stewardship.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Multimodal optical imaging of the oculofacial region using a solid tissue-simulating facial phantom.Journal of biomedical optics · 2024Article
- Semiconducting polymer dots for multifunctional integrated nanomedicine carriers.Materials today. Bio · 2024Review
- Multi-Modal Spectroscopic Assessment of Skin Hydration.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Limits of Detection of Topically Applied Products in the Skin Using In Vivo Raman Spectroscopy.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Evaluating In Vivo Penetration of Yeast Rice Ferment Filtrate Into Skin Using Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy: A Pilot Study.Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Information on the penetration depth, pathways, metabolization, storage of vehicles, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and functional cosmetic ingredients (FCIs) of topically applied formulations or contaminants (substances) in skin is of great importance for understanding their interaction with skin targets, treatment efficacy, and risk assessment-a challenging task in dermatology, cosmetology, and pharmacy. Non-invasive methods for the qualitative and quantitative visualization of substances in skin in vivo are favored and limited to optical imaging and spectroscopic methods such as fluorescence/reflectance confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM); two-photon tomography (2PT) combined with autofluorescence (2PT-AF), fluorescence lifetime imaging (2PT-FLIM), second-harmonic generation (SHG), coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), and reflectance confocal microscopy (2PT-RCM); three-photon tomography (3PT); confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy (CRM); surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) micro-spectroscopy; stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy; and optical coherence tomography (OCT). This review summarizes the state of the art in the use of the CLSM, 2PT, 3PT, CRM, SERS, SRS, and OCT optical methods to study skin penetration in vivo non-invasively (302 references). The advantages, limitations, possibilities, and prospects of the reviewed optical methods are comprehensively discussed. The ex vivo studies discussed are potentially translatable into in vivo measurements. The requirements for the optical properties of substances to determine their penetration into skin by certain methods are highlighted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.