ArticleBiomedicines2023
Immunosenescence and Immune Exhaustion Are Associated with Levels of Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins in Patients on Hemodialysis.
Article in Biomedicines, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of the Gut Microbiota and Uraemic Toxins in Vaccine Responsiveness Among People Receiving Maintenance Haemodialysis.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Rapid Molecular Diagnostics for Bloodstream Infection in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Kidney Disease as a Driver of Immunosenescence: Mechanisms and Potential Interventions.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2026Review
- Immunosenescence as a driver of the transition from frailty to multimorbidity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The gut-kidney axis in chronic kidney disease: a vicious cycle of microbial dysbiosis and uremic toxin accumulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A scoping review on the possible immunometabolic properties of the furan fatty acid metabolite 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Article
- Lymphocyte Phenotypes and Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins as Determinants of Clinical Outcomes in Hemodialysis Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe accumulation of protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) in chronic kidney disease may affect patients' immune status. The aim of the study was to evaluate their potential impacts on lymphocyte alterations in patients on hemodialysis (HD).
methodsThe plasma levels of PBUTs were assessed in 54 patients on HD and 31 healthy individuals, using ultra-performance liquid chromatography. The results correlated with the senescent and exhausted status of lymphocytes, based on certain surface molecules, analyzed by flow cytometry.
resultsThe plasma levels of PBUTs were significantly increased in the patients on HD compared with the healthy controls. The patients with residual kidney function had reduced hippuric acid (HA) levels, total (
conclusionsIncreased PBUTs levels are associated with immune disturbances of patients on HD, HA, and IxS in the immunosenescent and pCS in the immunoexhaustion alterations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.