ArticleCancers2023
A TLR4 Agonist Induces Osteosarcoma Regression by Inducing an Antitumor Immune Response and Reprogramming M2 Macrophages to M1 Macrophages.
Article in Cancers, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- DNA damage in macrophages drives immune autoreactivity via nuclear antigen presentation.Nature aging · 2026Article
- Intratumoral TLR4 agonist therapy elicits antigen-specific T cell clonal expansion in metastatic leiomyosarcoma: a case series.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages to Reshape the Immuno-Mechanical Landscape: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Nanoparticles Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment for the Treatment of Osteosarcoma: Recent Progress and Perspectives.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Next-Generation Immune Checkpoints and Tumor Microenvironment Modulation in Cancer Immunotherapy.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy and postoperative bone defect repair strategies based on osteosarcoma tumor microenvironment characteristics: balancing antitumor effects and promotion of bone regeneration.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Review
- A Spatiotemporal Model of CXCL10 as a Master Regulator of Immune Evasion and Metastasis in Osteosarcoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Role of Toll-like Receptors and Viral Infections in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension-A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Exploration of research hotspots and evolutionary trends in osteosarcoma pulmonary metastasis: A comprehensive bibliometric analysis spanning five decades.Journal of orthopaedics · 2025Article
- Microenvironment matters: insights from the FOSTER consortium on microenvironment-driven approaches to osteosarcoma therapy.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2025Review
- A detoxified TLR4 agonist inhibits tumour growth and lung metastasis of osteosarcoma by promoting CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocyte infiltration.BJC reports · 2025Article
- Scutellarein Inhibits Osteosarcoma Growth by Targeting the TLR4/TRAF6/NF-κB Pathway.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Article
- Review
- Advancements in osteosarcoma management: integrating immune microenvironment insights with immunotherapeutic strategies.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OsA) has limited treatment options and stagnant 5-year survival rates. Its immune microenvironment is characterized by a predominance of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), whose role in OsA progression remain unclear. Nevertheless, immunotherapies aiming to modulate macrophages activation and polarization could be of interest for OsA treatment. In this study, the antitumor effect of a liposome-encapsulated chemically detoxified lipopolysaccharide (Lipo-MP-LPS) was evaluated as a therapeutic approach for OsA. Lipo-MP-LPS is a toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist sufficiently safe and soluble to be IV administered at effective doses. Lipo-MP-LPS exhibited a significant antitumor response, with tumor regression in 50% of treated animals and delayed tumor progression in the remaining 50%. The agent inhibited tumor growth by 75%, surpassing the efficacy of other immunotherapies tested in OsA. Lipo-MP-LPS modulated OsA's immune microenvironment by favoring the transition of M2 macrophages to M1 phenotype, creating a proinflammatory milieu and facilitating T-cell recruitment and antitumor immune response. Overall, the study demonstrates the potent antitumor effect of Lipo-MP-LPS as monotherapy in an OsA immunocompetent model. Reprogramming macrophages and altering the immune microenvironment likely contribute to the observed tumor control. These findings support the concept of immunomodulatory approaches for the treatment of highly resistant tumors like OsA.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.