ArticleBrain sciences2023
Optimal Design of Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation for Patients with Vestibulopathy and Cerebellar Disorders.
Article in Brain sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the Feasibility of Mitigating Alcohol-Induced Instability Using Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Trial
- The Effectiveness of Vestibular Stimulation in Reducing Academic Stress among Student Nurses in School X.Acta medica Philippina · 2026Article
- Noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation and static balance in parkinson's disease: a multimodal resting‑state fMRI feasibility study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Individualising Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation Further Improves Visuomotor Performance in Parkinson's Disease.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A wide-ranging review of galvanic vestibular stimulation: from its genesis to basic science and clinical applications.Experimental brain research · 2025Review
- A review of parameter settings for galvanic vestibular stimulation in clinical applications.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesGalvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) has shown positive outcomes in various neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as enhancing postural balance and cognitive functions. In order to expedite the practical application of GVS in clinical settings, our objective was to determine the best GVS parameters for patients with vestibulopathy and cerebellar disorders using optimal design calculation.
methodsA total of 31 patients (26 males, mean age 57.03 ± 14.75 years, age range 22-82 years) with either unilateral or bilateral vestibulopathy (n = 18) or cerebellar ataxia (n = 13) were enrolled in the study. The GVS intervention included three parameters, waveform (sinusoidal, direct current [DC], and noisy), amplitude (0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 mA), and duration of stimulation (5 and 30 min), resulting in a total of 18 GVS intervention modes as input variables. To evaluate the effectiveness of GVS, clinical vertigo and gait assessments were conducted using the Dizziness Visual Analogue Scale (D-VAS), Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC), and Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) as output variables. Optimal design and local sensitivity analysis were employed to determine the most optimal GVS modes.
resultsPatients with unilateral vestibulopathy experienced the most favorable results with either noisy or sinusoidal GVS at 0.4 mA amplitude for 30 min, followed by DC GVS at 0.8 mA amplitude for 5 min. Noisy GVS at 0.8 or 0.4 mA amplitude for 30 min demonstrated the most beneficial effects in patients with bilateral vestibulopathy. For patients with cerebellar ataxia, the optimal choices were noisy GVS with 0.8 or 0.4 mA amplitude for 5 or 30 min.
conclusionsThis study is the first to utilize design optimization methods to identify the GVS stimulation parameters that are tailored to individual-specific characteristics of dizziness and imbalance. A sensitivity analysis was carried out along with the optimal design to offset the constraints of a limited sample size, resulting in the identification of the most efficient GVS modes for patients suffering from vestibular and cerebellar disorders.
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