ArticleCells2023
Neoadjuvant Intratumoral Immunotherapy with Cowpea Mosaic Virus Induces Local and Systemic Antitumor Efficacy in Canine Mammary Cancer Patients.
Article in Cells, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- The tumor microenvironment in triple negative breast cancer and a strategy to improve responses to immunotherapy using cryoablation and immunostimulants.Cancer biology & therapy · 2026Review
- Virus-like particles in cancer immunotherapy: bridging human and veterinary medicine through one health.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Plant-derived nanocarriers & nanostructures for barrier-defined translation: a comprehensive review of mechanisms, targets, and translation.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Virus-like particles based on plant viruses and bacteriophages: emerging strategies for the delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics.Chemical science · 2026Review
- Structure-function relationship of S protein cleavage in cowpea mosaic virus intratumoral immunotherapy.Biomaterials science · 2025Article
- Comparative analyses for plant virus-based cancer immunotherapy drug development.Cell biomaterials · 2025Article
- Intratumoral Immunotherapy with Cowpea Mosaic Virus and Interleukin-12 Eliminates Established Treated Tumors and Generates Robust Systemic Immunity to Suppress the Growth of Untreated Metastatic Tumors.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Preclinical SC and IV repeat-dose toxicology of a cowpea mosaic virus - A cancer immunotherapy candidate.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- Pilot Study of Intratumoral Immunotherapy with Cowpea Mosaic Virus Nanoparticles: Safety in Refractory Canine Oral Tumors.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Intratumoral immunotherapy prior to cancer surgery, a promising therapeutic approach.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Immunomodulatory effects of intratumoral cowpea mosaic virus and calreticulin nanoparticles in canine tumors: early results.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Plant-Derived Anti-Cancer Therapeutics and Biopharmaceuticals.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Plant Virus Intratumoral Immunotherapy with CPMV and PVX Elicits Durable Antitumor Immunity in a Mouse Model of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Virus nanotechnology for intratumoural immunotherapy.Nature reviews bioengineering · 2024Article
- Article
- Synergistic combination therapy using cowpea mosaic virus intratumoral immunotherapy and Lag-3 checkpoint blockade.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Article
- Improved characterization and translation of NK cells for canine immunotherapy.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Review
- Advancing Medical Applications of Cancer Nanotechnology: Highlighting Two Decades of the NCI'S Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory Service to the Research Community.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The lack of optimal models to evaluate novel agents is delaying the development of effective immunotherapies against human breast cancer (BC). In this prospective open label study, we applied neoadjuvant intratumoral immunotherapy with empty cowpea mosaic virus-like particles (eCPMV) to 11 companion dogs diagnosed with canine mammary cancer (CMC), a spontaneous tumor resembling human BC. We found that two neoadjuvant intratumoral eCPMV injections resulted in tumor reduction in injected tumors in all patients and in noninjected tumors located in the ipsilateral and contralateral mammary chains of injected dogs. Tumor reduction was independent of clinical stage, tumor size, histopathologic grade, and tumor molecular subtype. RNA-seq-based analysis of injected tumors indicated a decrease in DNA replication activity and an increase in activated dendritic cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. Immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated significant intratumoral increases in neutrophils, T and B lymphocytes, and plasma cells. eCPMV intratumoral immunotherapy demonstrated antitumor efficacy without any adverse effects. This novel immunotherapy has the potential for improving outcomes for human BC patients.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.