ArticleNeurology2023
Association of Cumulative Lifetime Exposure to Female Hormones With Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Postmenopausal Women in the UK Biobank.
Article in Neurology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Education Moderates the Biomarker-Cortical-Thickness Relationship in Females With Cognitive Decline: A Descriptive Study With Sex Comparisons.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Article
- Atrial Fibrillation, Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Gender Medicine: Focus on Biomarkers and Neuroimaging.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Lifetime Exposure to Endogenous Estradiol and Markers of Dementia Risk: Associations with Later Life Cognitive, Behavioral, and Functional Complaints.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Number of Live Births as a Protective Factor Against Clinical and Covert Brain Infarcts: The Framingham Heart Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Sex-Based Differences in Disease Burden and Phenotype in CADASIL: A Multicenter Study of 368 Korean Patients.Neurology. Genetics · 2026Article
- Interpretable machine learning for cognitive impairment assessment: integration of clinical and radiomic white matter hyperintensities features.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Cumulative gonadal hormone exposure is nonlinearly associated with risk of canine cranial cruciate ligament disease: a generalised additive model analysis of 20,590 dogs (1988-2023).The Journal of small animal practice · 2026Article
- The association of estimated glucose disposal rate with white matter hyperintensities: A large prospective cohort study.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Article
- The role of healthy lifestyle in the association between hepatic fibro-inflammation and steatosis and brain aging-a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Association between alcoholic beverage consumption and cerebral small vessel disease burden.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2025Article
- Reproductive history and cardiometabolic disease: the role of endogenous estrogen exposure across the lifespan in postmenopausal women.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Association Between Menopause Age and Estradiol-Based Hormone Therapy With Cognitive Performance in Cognitively Normal Women in the CLSA.Neurology · 2025Observational
- Sex Differences in the Impact of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk Burden on Cognitive Health.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Association of the difference between cystatin C- and creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate with cerebral small vessel disease: A large prospective cohort study.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2025Article
- An Investigation on Modifiable and Nonmodifiable Estrogen Exposure and Gray Matter Volume in Healthy Older Women.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Sex-specific risk factors and clinical dementia outcomes for white matter hyperintensities in a large South Korean cohort.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Observational
- Sex-Specific Risk Factors and Clinical Dementia Outcomes for White Matter Hyperintensities in a large South Korean Cohort.Research square · 2024Article
- Hormonal contraception and risk for cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in young women: a scoping review of the evidence.Frontiers in global women's health · 2023Article
- Alzheimer's disease model explains Alzheimer's disease incidences.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reportsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesRates of cerebrovascular disease increase after menopause, which is often attributed to the absence of hormones. It remains unknown whether the cumulative exposure to hormones across a female person's premenopausal life extends the window of cerebrovascular protection to the postmenopausal period. To investigate this, we examined the relationship between lifetime hormone exposure (LHE) and cerebral small vessel disease in more than 9,000 postmenopausal women in the UK-Biobank.
methodsThe cohort consisted of women (aged 40-69 years) who attended one of 22 research centers across the United Kingdom between 2006 and 2010. Women were excluded if they were premenopausal when scanned, had missing reproductive history data, self-reported neurologic disorders, brain cancer, cerebral vascular incidents, head or neurologic injury, and nervous system infection. Endogenous LHE (LHE
resultsA total of 9,163 postmenopausal women (age 64.21 ± 6.81 years) were retained for analysis. Average LHE DISCUSSION: Women with more prolonged exposure to endogenous hormones show relatively smaller burden of cerebral small vessel disease independent of the history of oral contraceptive use or hormone replacement therapy. Our results highlight the critical role endogenous hormones play in female brain health and provide real-world evidence of the protective effects premenopausal endogenous hormone exposure plays on postmenopausal cerebrovascular health.
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