ArticlePreventive medicine2023
Weighing cessation: Rising adiposity of current smokers in NHANES.
Article in Preventive medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association Between Eating Attitudes and Dental Caries Experience in Young Adults Attending a Private Dental Practice: A Cross-Sectional Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Smoking and Risk of Hepatic Steatosis Within the MASLD Spectrum in Korean Young Adults.Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Article
- Prehabilitation in Obese Patients with Ventral Hernia: A Narrative Review and Proposal of a Clinical Algorithm.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Smoking, Obesity, and Post-Cessation Weight Gain: Neurobiological Intersection and Treatment Recommendations.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Review
- Using interpretable machine learning methods to identify the relative importance of lifestyle factors for overweight and obesity in adults: pooled evidence from CHNS and NHANES.BMC public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRising rates of obesity may have interacting effects with smoking given associated cardiovascular risks and cessation-associated weight gain. This study aimed to assess the change in body mass index (BMI) magnitude and prevalence of obesity and central adiposity over time among current smokers and to compare with that of former and never smokers to describe how the obesity and tobacco epidemics interrelate.
methodsUsing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1976-2018, survey-weighted, internally standardized analyses were used to look at outcomes of BMI, BMI category, and central adiposity by smoking status. A nonparametric test assessed trend over time.
resultsThe standardized proportion of current smokers with obesity increased from 11.6% in NHANES II to 36.3% in continuous NHANES 2017-2018; at the latest assessment this proportion was significantly lower than for former smokers. Mean BMI among current smokers also increased, from 24.7 kg/m2 to 28.5 kg/m2 among current smokers, which is significantly lower than among former smokers and never smokers at the latest time point. The standardized proportion of current smokers with central adiposity also increased, from 34.3% to 54.1%; again, at the latest time point the proportion was lower than for former smokers or never smokers.
conclusionBetween 1976 and 2018, smoking rates decreased while adiposity increased among current, former, and never smokers. Over a third of current smokers meet BMI criteria for obesity and over half have an elevated waist circumference. It is imperative that weight management strategies be incorporated into smoking cessation approaches.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.