SynthesisInternational journal of clinical pharmacy2024
How cultural competence is conceptualised, developed and delivered in pharmacy education: a systematic review.
Synthesis in International journal of clinical pharmacy, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Implementing and Delivering Culturally Centred Pharmacy Services Tailored to Ethnically Minoritised Populations: A Qualitative Systematic Review and Meta-Ethnography.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Pooled it
- Assessment Instruments for Social Anxiety in Oral and Public Communication Among Health Sciences Students: Protocol for a Scoping Review.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Equity, Diversity, Inclusion and Accessibility in Pharmacy Education: A Scoping Review.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Perceptions of Professional Behavior in a Midwestern College of Pharmacy Community: A Mixed-Methods Study.American journal of pharmaceutical education · 2026Article
- Assessment of cultural competence in pharmacy students before and after social and behavioural pharmacy education - a cross-sectional study.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- A cross-sectional online survey: exploring the patient perspective of community pharmacies delivering care to ethnically diverse individuals with disabilities.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2025Article
- Pharmacy Students' Experience of an Inaugural Lecture on Intercultural Competence.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Community pharmacists' cultural competence and awareness in healthcare delivery: a cross-sectional study on perceptions, practices, and demographic influences in the United Arab Emirates.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2025Article
- A qualitative study exploring experiences of racial minority stress in pharmacy education and practice.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2024Article
- Embedding cultural competency and cultural humility in undergraduate pharmacist initial education and training: a qualitative exploration of pharmacy student perspectives.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2024Article
- Evaluation of an online advanced suicide prevention training for pharmacists.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIt is important to have a pharmacy workforce that is culturally competent to recognise a patient's health beliefs to improve medication adherence and reduce poor treatment outcomes.
aimThis systematic review aimed to identify, critically appraise and summarise how cultural competency is conceptualised, developed and embedded in pre-qualification pharmacy education.
methodMedline, Scopus, PsychInfo, Web of Knowledge, CINAHL, and Embase databases were searched for relevant papers published in English between January 2012 and December 2021, following PRISMA guidelines. Data from included papers were thematically analysed. Educational quality of papers was appraised using the GREET criteria. This systematic review was registered on PROSPERO, CRD42021295875.
resultsThe review included 47 papers (46 studies) with 18 papers meeting ≥ 9 points on the GREET criteria thus considered of good educational quality. Forty papers focused on educational interventions implemented to pharmacy students only, the remaining included students from different health disciplines. Half of the educational interventions focused on cultural competence in general. Most educational interventions lasted over a week and 21 were compulsory. Cultural competence conceptualisation varied; a focus on knowledge about different cultures or on culturally competent behaviours or a continuum with knowledge at one end and behaviour at the other.
conclusionThere is variation in how cultural competence is embedded in pharmacy programmes, which could be a reflection of the differences in how educators conceptualised cultural competence. Further research is needed to develop a unified understanding of the meaning of cultural competence and how it can be embedded in pharmacy education.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.