ArticleEpidemiology and health2023
Higher energy consumption in the evening is associated with increased odds of obesity and metabolic syndrome: findings from the 2016-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (7th KNHANES).
Article in Epidemiology and health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association of macronutrient quality at dinner versus breakfast with body composition in adults living in Tehran: results from a cross-sectional study.BMC nutrition · 2026Article
- Association of Evening Meal-Timing Chronotype with Lower Calcium Intake After Adjustment for Diet Quality.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Article
- Interaction between chronotype and ultra-processed food intake on triglyceride-glucose index in Korean adults.Nutrition research and practice · 2025Article
- Circadian and temporal eating patterns in relation to metabolic syndrome in Iranian women.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- 2025 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2025Review
- Advances in Gut Microbiota-Targeted Therapeutics for Metabolic Syndrome.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Association of Dietary Fiber and Measures of Physical Fitness with High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein.Nutrients · 2024Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesChrono-nutrition emphasizes meal timing in preventing obesity and metabolic disorders. This study explores the impact of temporal dietary patterns (TDPs) on obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean adults aged 20 years to 65 years.
methodsWe utilized dynamic time warping method and Kernel k-means clustering to investigate diet quality and the odds ratios (ORs) of obesity and MetS with different TDPs using data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
resultsParticipants were divided into three groups based on relative energy intake over 24 hours. After adjusting for age and gender, Cluster 3 (with the highest proportion of energy intake in the evening) had the lowest Healthy Eating Index scores compared to other clusters. Following adjustment for key covariates, Cluster 3 showed the highest values for body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. Compared to Cluster 1 (with a lower proportion of energy intake in the evening), Cluster 2 and Cluster 3 had ORs for obesity of 1.12 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97 to 1.30) and 1.19 (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.37), respectively. For MetS, the ORs were 1.26 (95% CI, 1.08 to 1.48) and 1.37 (95% CI, 1.17 to 1.61) when comparing Cluster 2 and Cluster 3 to Cluster 1.
conclusionsThis study reveals that individuals with higher energy intake in the evening have increased odds of obesity and MetS, even after adjusting for major covariates, including age and total energy intake.
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