ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2024
Timing and level of educational attainment and late-life cognition in the KHANDLE study.
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Key research priorities in methodological approaches for measuring the exposome and studying its role in the development of dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Review
- Prevalence and Predictors of Cognitive Decline Among Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending Jinja Regional Referral Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study in Eastern Uganda.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Higher Education Influences Stroop Performance in Non-Demented Older Adults: The Mediating Role of Resting-State Brain Activity.Clinical and translational science · 2025Article
- Association between education and rate of cognitive decline among individuals with Alzheimer's disease: A multi-national European observational study.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Observational
- Spousal Education and Memory Decline: Evidence From the English Longitudinal Study of Aging.The Gerontologist · 2025Article
- Comparative effectiveness of electroencephalogram-neurofeedback training of 3-45 frequency band on memory in healthy population: a network meta-analysis with systematic literature search.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Review
- The Impact of Later-Life Learning on Trajectories of Cognitive Function Among U.S. Older Adults.Innovation in aging · 2025Article
- Metabolic dysfunctions predict the development of Alzheimer's disease: Statistical and machine learning analysis of EMR data.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Timing and level of educational attainment and late-life cognition in the KHANDLE study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Demographic predictors of cognitive performance in participants of a local substance abuse recovery program.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reportsArticle
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12 authors.
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Abstract
introductionThe timing of educational attainment may modify its effects on late-life cognition, yet most studies evaluate education only at a single time point.
methodsKaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences (KHANDLE) Study cohort participants (N = 554) reported educational attainment (dichotomized at any college education) at two time points, and we classified them as having low, high, or later-life high educational attainment. Linear mixed-effects models estimated associations between educational attainment change groups and domain-specific cognitive outcomes (z-standardized).
resultsCompared to low educational attainment, high (β= 0.59 SD units; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.39, 0.79) and later-life high educational attainment (β = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.44) were associated with higher executive function. Only high educational attainment was associated with higher verbal episodic memory (β = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.48). DISCUSSION: Level and timing of educational attainment are both associated with domain-specific cognition. A single assessment for educational attainment may inadequately characterize protective associations with late-life cognition. HIGHLIGHTS: Few studies have examined both level and timing of educational attainment on cognition. Marginalized populations are more likely to attain higher education in adulthood. Higher educational attainment in late life is also associated with higher cognition.
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