ArticleJournal of aquatic animal health2023
Detection and virulence of Lactococcus garvieae and L. petauri from four lakes in southern California.
Article in Journal of aquatic animal health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multilocus Sequence Typing Reveals New Insights into the Population Structure and Genetic Diversity ofMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- First Detection of Lactococcus formosensis subsp. formosensis in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Europe.Journal of fish diseases · 2026Article
- Comparative Molecular and Antimicrobial Analysis ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Metagenomic Comparison of Bat Colony Resistomes Across Anthropogenic and Pristine Habitats.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial susceptibility and genomic characterization ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Expanding Horizons: The First Reported Outbreak of Piscine Lactococcosis in Farmed Gilthead Seabream Sparus aurata in the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea.Journal of fish diseases · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Investigation of Potential Bacterial Pathogens in Largemouth Bass (Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance inMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- First Detection ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Genomic investigation ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Redefining piscine lactococcosis.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe first objective of the study aimed to detect the presence of Lactococcus petauri, L. garvieae, and L. formosensis in fish (n = 359) and environmental (n = 161) samples from four lakes near an affected fish farm in California during an outbreak in 2020. The second objective was to compare the virulence of the Lactococcus spp. in Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides.
methodsStandard bacterial culture methods were used to isolate Lactococcus spp. from brain and posterior kidney of sampled fish from the four lakes. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was utilized to detect Lactococcus spp. DNA in fish tissues and environmental samples from the four lakes. Laboratory controlled challenges were conducted by injecting fish intracoelomically with representative isolates of L. petauri (n = 17), L. garvieae (n = 2), or L. formosensis (n = 4), and monitored for 14 days postchallenge (dpc).
resultLactococcus garvieae was isolated from the brains of two Largemouth Bass in one of the lakes. Lactococcus spp. were detected in 14 fish (8 Bluegills Lepomis macrochirus and 6 Largemouth Bass) from 3 out of the 4 lakes using a qPCR assay. Of the collected environmental samples, all 4 lakes tested positive for Lactococcus spp. in the soil samples, while 2 of the 4 lakes tested positive in the water samples through qPCR. Challenged Largemouth Bass did not show any signs of infection postinjection throughout the challenge period. Rainbow Trout infected with L. petauri showed clinical signs within 3 dpc and presented a significantly higher cumulative mortality (62.4%; p < 0.0001) at 14 dpc when compared to L. garvieae (0%) and L. formosensis (7.5%) treatments.
conclusionThe study suggests that qPCR can be used for environmental DNA monitoring of Lactococcus spp. and demonstrates virulence diversity between the etiological agents of piscine lactococcosis.
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