ReviewTropical medicine and health2023
Epidemiology, clinical presentation, and predictors of outcome in nontuberculous mycobacterial central nervous system infection: a systematic review.
Review in Tropical medicine and health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- First Reported CNS Infection withReports (MDPI) · 2026Article
- Article
- Tracheobronchial invasion by nontuberculous mycobacteria: a rare but overlooked clinical manifestation-a multicenter retrospective analysis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Observational
- Fatal Mycobacterium avium meningitis in an HIV-negative Vietnamese man: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2025Article
- Extrapulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infection: The New-Age Neglected Infectious Disease.Cureus · 2025Review
- Intracranial infections ofFrontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Article
- Mortality Rate and Cause of Death in Adults with Extrapulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infection, Denmark.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Difficulty in diagnosing intracranial infection caused by Mycobacterium avium in an AIDS patient: case report and review of the literature.Diagnostic pathology · 2024Review
- Article
- Disseminated mycobacterium genavense infection with central nervous system involvement in an HIV patient: a case report and literature review.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Review
- Intracranial infection caused byFrontiers in medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCNS manifestations represent an emerging facet of NTM infection with significant mortality. Due to protean presentation and low index of suspicion, many cases are often treated erroneously as tubercular meningitis or fungal infections.
objectivesLiterature on NTM CNS disease is scarce, with most available data on pulmonary disease. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities, and predictors of outcome in CNS NTM infection.
methodsThe literature search was performed in major electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus) using keywords "CNS," "Central nervous system," "brain abscess," "meningitis," "spinal," "Nontuberculous mycobacteria," "NTM". All cases of CNS NTM infection reported between January 1980 and December 2022 were included.
resultsA total of 77 studies (112 cases) were included in the final analysis. The mean age of all patients was 38 years, with most patients male (62.5%). Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) was the most common aetiology, followed by M. fortuitum and M. abscessus (34.8%, 21.4% and 15.2%, respectively). The disseminated disease was found in 33% of cases. HIV (33.9%) and neurosurgical hardware (22.3%) were the common risk factors. Intracranial abscess (36.6%) and leptomeningeal enhancement (28%) were the most prevalent findings in neuroimaging. The overall case fatality rate was 37.5%. On multivariate analysis, male gender (adjusted OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-7.9) and HIV (adjusted OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.8-6.1) were the independent predictors of mortality). M. fortuitum infection was significantly associated with increased survival (adjusted OR 0.18, 95% CI (0.08-0.45), p value 0.012).
conclusionsCurrent evidence shows the emerging role of rapid-grower NTM in CNS disease. Male gender and HIV positivity were associated with significant mortality, while M fortuitum carries favourable outcomes.
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