ArticleBMC psychiatry2023
START - physical exercise and person-centred cognitive skills training as treatment for adult ADHD: protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05049239 (Support in Activity, Movement and Exercise-for Adults with ADHD. a Randomized Controlled Trial Intervention Study with 12 Weeks of Physical Training with and Without Cognitive Support.), which is not on this map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Support in Activity, Movement and Exercise-for Adults with ADHD. a Randomized Controlled Trial Intervention Study with 12 Weeks of Physical Training with and Without Cognitive Support.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Differential impacts of job-relatedWorld journal of psychiatry · 2026Article
- Exploring the associations between physical inactivity and cognitive function, mental health, and metabolic parameters in U.S. adolescents: results stratified by sex.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Physical exercise as add-on treatment in adults with ADHD - the START study: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Psychosocial interventions for improving the physical health of young people and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a scoping review.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- The Chinese Version of the Compensatory ADHD Behaviors Scale (CABS): A Study on Reliability, Validity, and Clinical Utility.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCore symptoms in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. Many individuals with this disorder also have a sedentary lifestyle, co-morbid mental illness such as depressive and anxiety disorders, and reduced quality of life. People with ADHD often have impaired executive function, which among other things may include difficulty in time management and structuring of everyday life. Pharmacological treatment is often the first-line option, but non-pharmacological treatment is also available and is used in clinical settings. In children and adolescents with ADHD, physical exercise is used as a non-pharmacological treatment. However, the evidence for the effectiveness of exercise in adults is sparse.
objectiveTo implement the START intervention (START = Stöd i Aktivitet, Rörelse och Träning [Support in activity, movement and exercise]) consisting of a 12-week, structured mixed exercise programme with or without a cognitive intervention, in adults with ADHD, and study whether it has an effect on core symptoms of ADHD as well as physical, cognitive, mental and everyday functioning compared with usual treatment. A secondary aim is to investigate the participants' experiences of the intervention and its possible benefits, and to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of START compared with usual treatment.
methodsThis is a randomized controlled trial planned to be conducted in 120 adults with ADHD, aged 18-65. The intervention will be given as an add-on to standard care. Participants will be randomized to three groups. Group 1 will be given a physiotherapist-led mixed exercise programme for 12 weeks. Group 2 will receive the same intervention as group 1 with the addition of occupational therapist-led cognitive skills training. Group 3 will be the control group who will receive standard care only. The primary outcome will be reduction of ADHD symptoms measured using the World Health Organization (WHO) Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1), Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale (CGI-S) and CGI-Improvement scale (CGI-I). The effect will be measured within 1 week after the end of the intervention and 6 and 12 months later. DISCUSSION: Data collection began in March 2021. The final 12-month follow-up is anticipated to be completed by autumn 2024.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT05049239). Registered on 20 September 2021 (last verified: May 2021).
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.