ArticleBehavior research methods2024
Testing delayed, gradual, and temporary treatment effects in randomized single-case experiments: A general response function framework.
Article in Behavior research methods, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Internet-Delivered Psychological Treatment for Parents With Health Anxiety by Proxy: Replicated Randomized Single-Case Experimental Design.JMIR formative research · 2025Trial
- Two-Arm Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial Versus Meta-Analysis of N-of-1 Studies: Comparison of Statistical Efficiency in Determining an Intervention Effect.Biometrical journal. Biometrische Zeitschrift · 2025Article
- Internet-Delivered Therapy for Parents With Health Anxiety by Proxy: Protocol for a Single-Case Experimental Design Study.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Randomization tests represent a class of significance tests to assess the statistical significance of treatment effects in randomized single-case experiments. Most applications of single-case randomization tests concern simple treatment effects: immediate, abrupt, and permanent changes in the level of the outcome variable. However, researchers are confronted with delayed, gradual, and temporary treatment effects; in general, with "response functions" that are markedly different from single-step functions. We here introduce a general framework that allows specifying a test statistic for a randomization test based on predicted response functions that is sensitive to a wide variety of data patterns beyond immediate and sustained changes in level: different latencies (degrees of delay) of effect, abrupt versus gradual effects, and different durations of the effect (permanent or temporary). There may be reasonable expectations regarding the kind of effect (abrupt or gradual), entailing a different focal data feature (e.g., level or slope). However, the exact amount of latency and the exact duration of a temporary effect may not be known a priori, justifying an exploratory approach studying the effect of specifying different latencies or delayed effects and different durations for temporary effects. We provide illustrations of the proposal with real data, and we present a user-friendly freely available web application implementing it.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.