ArticleScientific reports2023
Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of organic compounds and heavy metals in electronic cigarettes.
Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health Behaviors in Adolescent and Young Adult (AYA) Childhood Cancer Survivors: Prevalence, Determinants, and Comparison With Population Controls.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- ICP-MS-Based Assessment of Heavy Metals in Green Tea Leaves from Gilan: Multi-Element Determination, Health Risk Evaluation, and Monte Carlo Uncertainty Analysis.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Multi-elemental fingerprinting of the human brain: distribution of toxic, essential, and rare earth elements across neocortical, limbic, and subcortical regions.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Molecular Health Effects of Electronic Cigarettes.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- A portrait of electronic nicotine delivery systems use in Brazil: findings from the 2019-2023 Vigitel survey.Cadernos de saude publica · 2026Article
- A New Aerosol Respiratory Deposition Approach: Health Risks of Metals in Aerosols from Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems and Heated Tobacco Products.Journal of aerosol science · 2026Article
- The association of parental use of new tobacco products and combustible cigarettes with nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: a cross-sectional study.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Regulation of immune checkpoints by electronic cigarette.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Toxic Trace Element Concentration in Commercially Available Cigarettes in Poland, Europe.Toxics · 2025Article
- Cannabinoid Vaping Products: Regulation, Composition, Toxicological Effects, and Emerging Research.Chemical research in toxicology · 2025Review
- Knowledge, attitude, practice and policy support of college students toward electronic cigarette use: a nationwide multicentric study in Iran.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Electronic cigarettes: emerging challenges in cessation and dependence management. A call for evidence-based guidelines to address a growing epidemic among Brazilian youth.Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia · 2025Article
- Electronic Cigarette-Derived Metals: Exposure and Health Risks in Vapers.Chemical research in toxicology · 2025Review
- Chronic airway inflammatory diseases and e-cigarette use: a review of health risks and mechanisms.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
- Article
- Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in the Native American Population.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
E-cigarettes are now very popular in the world. Compared to traditional cigarettes, e-cigarettes are often considered safer and healthier. However, their safety remains controversial and requires further research and regulation. In this study, we aimed to understand the possible hazards to humans of four compounds (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, and acetone) and seven heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, manganese, lead, copper, nickel, and chromium) contained in e-cigarette liquids and aerosols and perform a health risk assessment. We searched PubMed, CNKI, and other databases for relevant literature to obtain data on organic compounds and heavy metals in e-cigarette liquids and aerosols, and conducted acute, chronic, and carcinogenic risk assessments of various chemicals by different exposure routes. This study showed that exposure to four organic compounds and seven heavy metals in e-cigarette aerosols and e-liquids can cause varying levels of health risks in humans through different routes, with the inhalation route posing a higher overall risk than dermal exposure and oral intake. Various chemicals at high exposure doses can produce health risks beyond the acceptable range. E-cigarette designers must improve their products by changing the composition of the e-liquid and controlling the power of the device to reduce the health effects on humans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.