ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2024
Outcomes of Patients With Graves Disease 25 Years After Initiating Antithyroid Drug Therapy.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Selenium supplementation in individuals with newly diagnosed Graves' hyperthyroidism: a double-blind, multi-centre RCT.European thyroid journal · 2026Trial
- Pre- and Post-Radioactive Iodine Therapy Hormonal Changes and Clinical Outcomes in Hyperthyroid Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Clinical and Ultrasonographic Characterization of the Transition from Hashimoto Thyroiditis to Graves' Disease: A Long-term Follow-up Study.Endocrine · 2026Article
- Exploring tear fluid biomarkers and the ocular surface in thyroid eye disease.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Article
- Novel ThyPRO-39-based nomogram for identifying impaired quality of life in Graves' hyperthyroidism outpatients: development and internal validation.Endocrine connections · 2026Article
- Graves' disease: review of disease characteristics, burden, and treatments.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Long-term risk of incident autoimmune thyroid disease after COVID-19 in patients with type 2 diabetes: a multicenter propensity score-matched cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Use of color Doppler ultrasound to differentiate Graves' disease from silent thyroiditis in patients treated at Fundación Valle del Lili in 2022-2024.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- PERSPECTIVE: Prioritizing quality of life in the management of hyperthyroidism: an expert clinical perspective.Endocrine connections · 2026Review
- High TRAb Titer at Diagnosis Predicts Persistent Positivity and Relapse in Graves' Disease after Prolonged Antithyroid Therapy.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Article
- Process to radioactive iodine treatment for Graves' hyperthyroidism: condemned or absolved?Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Review
- British Thyroid Association Survey of Graves' Disease Management in the UK.Clinical endocrinology · 2025Article
- Hub genes and key pathways of Graves' disease: bioinformatics analysis and validation.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2025Article
- The evolving therapeutic landscape of Graves' disease in adults: present and future.European thyroid journal · 2025Review
- An Atypical Presentation of Thyroid Eye Disease in a Patient With a Remote History of Graves' Disease.Cureus · 2025Article
- Thyroid peroxidase antibodies and their role in predicting outcomes in Graves' disease treatment.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Observational
- Clinical characteristics of Graves' disease following COVID-19 infection or vaccination: a multicenter case-control study.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- A Systematic Review of Patient Preferences, Expectations, and Values for the Management and Treatment of Graves Disease.Patient preference and adherence · 2025Review
- Long-Term Antithyroid Drug Therapy in Smoldering or Fluctuating-Type Graves' Hyperthyroidism with Potassium Iodide.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2024Review
- A 2023 International Survey of Clinical Practice Patterns in the Management of Graves Disease: A Decade of Change.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
contextGraves disease (GD) is a leading cause of hyperthyroidism. Detailed investigations and predictors of long-term outcomes are missing.
objectiveThis work aimed to investigate the outcomes in GD 25 years after initiating antithyroid drug treatment, including disease course, clinical and biochemical predictors of relapse, and quality of life.
methodsA retrospective follow-up was conducted of GD patients that participated in a randomized trial from 1997 to 2001. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from medical records and questionnaires. Biobank samples were analyzed for inflammatory biomarkers and compared with age- and sex-matched healthy individuals.
resultsWe included 83% (182/218) of the patients from the original study. At the end of follow-up, normal thyroid function was achieved in 34%. The remaining had either active disease (1%), spontaneous hypothyroidism (13%), or had undergone ablative treatment with radioiodine (40%) or thyroidectomy (13%). Age younger than or equal to 40 years, thyroid eye disease (TED), smoking, and elevated levels of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9 (TNFRS9) increased the risk of relapsing disease (odds ratio 3.22; 2.26; 2.21; 1.99; 2.36). At the end of treatment, CD40 was lower in patients who maintained normal thyroid function (P = .04). At the end of follow-up, 47% had one or more autoimmune diseases, including vitamin B12 deficiency (26%) and rheumatoid arthritis (5%). GD patients who developed hypothyroidism had reduced quality of life.
conclusionCareful lifelong monitoring is indicated to detect recurrence, hypothyroidism, and other autoimmune diseases. Long-term ATD treatment emerges as a beneficial first-line treatment option, especially in patients with young age at onset or presence of TED.
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