ArticleStigma and health2023
Intersectional Stigma as a Fundamental Cause of Health Disparities: A case study of how drug use stigma intersecting with racism and xenophobia creates health inequities for Black and Hispanic persons who use drugs over time.
Article in Stigma and health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Medical Diagnosis, ED Visits, and Hospitalizations for Substance Use in U.S. Children's Hospitals: A Retrospective Multi-Center Cohort Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of a Provider-Specific Anticipated Stigma Scale for People Who Inject Drugs.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- "In My Community, if You're an Addict, People Don't Just Look Down on You for the Drugs, but for Being Black, Too": Black and Latine Methadone Patients' Experiences Around Addiction, Methadone Treatment, and Intersectional Stigma.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- A comparison of opioid overdose risk behaviors by race and ethnicity among overdose survivors in Boston, MA, and San Francisco, CA.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Resilience to Stigma in Medical, Social, and Employment Contexts Among People Who Inject Drugs in Rural Ohio: Adapting the 10-Item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- A Comparison of Opioid Overdose Risk Behaviors by Race and Ethnicity Among Overdose Survivors in Boston, MA, and San Francisco, CA.Research square · 2026Article
- "It's almost a life and death sentence": Stakeholder perspectives on determinants of substance use risks and treatment access for individuals convicted of sexual offenses.SSM. Qualitative research in health · 2025Article
- Risk factors for experiencing substance use-related employment stigma among emergency department patients at high risk of opioid overdose.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- The Unique Experience of Intersectional Stigma and Racism for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People Who Inject Drugs, and Its Effect on Healthcare and Harm Reduction Service Access.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Documentation of Stigmatizing Language in Electronic Health Records and Birth Outcomes.Health equity · 2025Article
- Mandela Yoga: a community case study for a post-incarceration reentry service for men of color in recovery.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Trends in cannabis use disorder and treatment by race and ethnicity, 2002-2019.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- The intersection of substance use stigma and anti-Black racial stigma: A scoping review.The International journal on drug policy · 2024Article
- The Clinical Evolutions of Surveillance and Violence During Three Contemporary US Crises: Opioid Overdose, COVID-19, and Racial Reckoning.Culture, medicine and psychiatry · 2024Article
- Strategies used to reduce harms associated with fentanyl exposure among rural people who use drugs: multi-site qualitative findings from the rural opioid initiative.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Should we embrace the term 'preaddiction'?Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Drug Use-Related Discrimination in Healthcare Settings and Subsequent Emergency Department Utilization in a Prospective Cohort Study of People With a History of Injection Drug Use.Substance use & misuse · 2024Observational
- Navigating ethical challenges in psychological research involving digital remote technologies and people who use alcohol or drugs.The American psychologist · 2024Article
- Socio-economic factors associated with cancer stigma among apparently healthy women in two selected municipalities Nepal.PloS one · 2024Article
- "I would do anything but that": Attitudes towards sex work among rural people who use drugs.The International journal on drug policy · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Recent evidence points to racial and ethnic disparities in drug-related deaths and health conditions. Informed by stigma, intersectionality, intersectional stigma, and fundamental cause theories, we aimed to explore whether intersectional stigma was a fundamental cause of health. We document key events and policies over time and find that when progress is made new mechanisms emerge that negatively affect health outcomes for Black and Hispanic persons. We then focus on intersectional stigma targeting Black and Hispanic persons who use drugs. We document that when a person, or group of people, occupy multiple stigmatized identities the processes of stigmatization and scapegoating are particularly persistent and pernicious since people and groups can be stigmatized and scapegoated on varying intersections. We propose that an intersectional stigma framework allows for a better understanding of observed patterns over time, thereby providing a better guide for policies and interventions designed to reduce disparities. As a framework, intersectional stigma aims to recognize that when different sources of stigma collide, a new set of circumstances is created for those who reside in the intersection. We conclude that intersectional stigma is a fundamental cause of health inequities and provide policy recommendations aimed at dismantling intersectional stigma processes and mitigating the effects of intersectional stigmas to ultimately promote better health outcomes for Black and Hispanic persons who use drugs.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.