Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37741823›Full record

ArticleNature communications2023

Synergistic effects of mixing and strain in high entropy spinel oxides for oxygen evolution reaction.

Jihyun Baek, Md Delowar Hossain, Pinaki Mukherjee, Junghwa Lee, Kirsten T Winther, Juyoung Leem, Yue Jiang, William C Chueh, Michal Bajdich, Xiaolin Zheng

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Design of High-Entropy Oxide Catalysts.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026
    Review
  4. Rational Design of LiNiSmall methods · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalysts for Acidic-Media COAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Coupling of Engineered High Entropy Alloys with Semiconducting TiOAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Jihyun Baek *Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1917-759X
Md Delowar Hossain *SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Pinaki MukherjeeStanford Nano Shared Facilities, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Junghwa LeeDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Kirsten T WintherSUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
Juyoung LeemDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0690-7784
Yue JiangDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6017-8551
William C ChuehDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7066-3470
Michal BajdichSUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA. bajdich@slac.stanford.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1168-8616
Xiaolin ZhengDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. xlzheng@stanford.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8889-7873

Funding

National Science Foundation (NSF) SUB0000425
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Developing stable and efficient electrocatalysts is vital for boosting oxygen evolution reaction (OER) rates in sustainable hydrogen production. High-entropy oxides (HEOs) consist of five or more metal cations, providing opportunities to tune their catalytic properties toward high OER efficiency. This work combines theoretical and experimental studies to scrutinize the OER activity and stability for spinel-type HEOs. Density functional theory confirms that randomly mixed metal sites show thermodynamic stability, with intermediate adsorption energies displaying wider distributions due to mixing-induced equatorial strain in active metal-oxygen bonds. The rapid sol-flame method is employed to synthesize HEO, comprising five 3d-transition metal cations, which exhibits superior OER activity and durability under alkaline conditions, outperforming lower-entropy oxides, even with partial surface oxidations. The study highlights that the enhanced activity of HEO is primarily attributed to the mixing of multiple elements, leading to strain effects near the active site, as well as surface composition and coverage.

Identifiers

PMID37741823
PMCPMC10517924

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.