Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37740001›Full record

Trial reportPsychopharmacology2024

Expectancy for Adderall influences subjective mood and drug effects regardless of concurrent caffeine ingestion: A randomized controlled trial.

Alison Looby, Annalisa V Piccorelli, Lauren Zimmerman, Caitlin Falco, Nicholas R Livingston, Cody Akin, Samuel Benton, Laura M Juliano

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Psychopharmacology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03648684 (Examining Expectancy Challenges to Prevent Nonmedical Prescription Stimulant Use), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact, top 85% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03648684 nacompletednot on this map

Examining Expectancy Challenges to Prevent Nonmedical Prescription Stimulant Use

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of WyomingRan2018 to 2020Enrolled131ConditionsPrescription Drug Abuse (Not Dependent)ArmsCaffeine-Based Expectancy Challenge, Placebo-Based Expectancy Challenge
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 0 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Alison LoobyDepartment of Psychology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave, Department 3415, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA. alooby@uwyo.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-297X
Annalisa V PiccorelliKaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Biostatistics Division, 1730 Minor Avenue, Ste 1600, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.
Lauren ZimmermanDepartment of Psychology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave, Department 3415, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
Caitlin FalcoDepartment of Psychology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave, Department 3415, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
Nicholas R LivingstonDepartment of Psychology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave, Department 3415, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
Cody AkinDepartment of Psychology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave, Department 3415, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
Samuel BentonDepartment of Psychology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave, Department 3415, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
Laura M JulianoDepartment of Psychology, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20016, USA.
University of Wyoming · USAmerican University · USKaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute · US

Funding

Wyoming INBRE Phase 4- Equipment Supplement for x-ray diffractometer for Center for Advanced Scientific InstrumentationP20GM103432 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING · PI Robert Scott Seville · 2012 to 2026
$56.8M
NIGMS NIH HHS 2P20GM103432NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM103432
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

rationaleNonmedical prescription stimulant use (NPS; use without a prescription or in ways other than prescribed) is common among college students. Despite the potential for negative consequences, students continue engaging in NPS for cognitive enhancement purposes, which may be maintained by expectancy and placebo effects.

objectivesThis study examined if a placebo administered under the guise of Adderall influenced subjective mood/drug effects and cognitive performance. Furthermore, this study examined if concurrent caffeine ingestion incrementally enhanced Adderall-related placebo effects.

methodsUndergraduate students with features that put them at elevated risk for NPS (N = 121) completed measures of mood and drug effects and cognitive assessments on two separate laboratory visits in this parallel randomized controlled trial. Visit 1 was a baseline control visit, on which no drug was expected or received. On visit 2, subjects were randomized to: (1) expect/receive no drug (control); (2) expect Adderall/receive placebo; or (3) expect Adderall/receive 200 mg caffeine.

resultsThere were several significant condition × visit interactions for subjective effects, including amphetamine effects, energy and efficiency effects, and feeling high. In most cases, participants who expected Adderall reported greater positive subjective effects on visit 2 compared to controls; however, there were generally not incremental enhancements for those ingesting caffeine compared to placebo. There were no significant effects for any cognitive tests.

conclusionsExpectation for prescription stimulant effects influenced subjective outcomes in a sample of high-risk college students. These findings may inform expectancy challenge interventions to reduce NPS.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03648684.

Indexed as

Central Nervous System StimulantsAmphetamineAmphetaminesCaffeineEatingHumansAdderallAmphetamineAmphetaminesCaffeineCentral Nervous System StimulantsCaffeineCognitionCollege studentsExpectancyPlacebo effectsPrescription stimulants

Identifiers

PMID37740001
PMCPMC11874872
OpenAlexW4386946100

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.