ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2023
Free and bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D thresholds for bone metabolism and their associations with metabolic syndrome in Chinese women of childbearing age.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sex difference in the relationship between 24-h sodium-potassium ratio and prevalence of metabolic syndromes: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- 25(OH)D3 and F-25(OH)D as indicators of chronic kidney disease progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Vitamin D binding protein correlate with estrogen increase after administration of human chorionic gonadotropin but do not affect ovulation, embryo, or pregnancy outcomes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Observational
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Objective: The free hormone hypothesis suggests that free and bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] may better reflect vitamin D bioactivity. This study aimed to determine the free and bioavailable 25(OH)D characteristics, estimate their thresholds based on parathyroid hormone (PTH) and bone turnover markers (BTMs), assess their associations with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), and evaluate their potential advantages. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a nationally representative database ( Results: In the cross-sectional study, the three forms of 25(OH)D were found to have similar distribution characteristics. Free and bioavailable 25(OH)D correlated well with total 25(OH)D. Significant total 25(OH)D cutoffs were observed for PTH (14.19 ng/mL and 18.03 ng/mL), osteocalcin (15.14 ng/mL), β-CTX (14.79 ng/mL), and P1NP (15.08 ng/mL). Free and bioavailable 25(OH)D cutoffs were only found for P1NP (3.47 pg/mL and 1.66 ng/mL, respectively). A total 25(OH)D of <15.14 ng/mL was marginally associated with a higher risk of reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [odd ratios (OR) = 1.371 (0.991-1.899)]. The ORs of higher versus lower free and bioavailable 25(OH)D levels for reduced HDL-C were 0.770 (0.621-0.956) and 0.772 (0.622-0.958), respectively. The results of the intervention study indicated that PTH and BTMs responded more sensitively to total 25(OH)D than to free or bioavailable 25(OH)D. Conclusion: Free and bioavailable 25(OH)D only had a threshold effect on P1NP. The active 25(OH)D thresholds could be used for risk assessment of reduced HDL-C. However, no superiority of free or bioavailable 25(OH)D was found based on the response of PTH and BTMs to changes in 25(OH)D in Chinese women of childbearing age following vitamin D supplementation. Clinical trial registration: http://www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2200058290.
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