ReviewBritish journal of haematology2023
Pathogenesis of refractory ITP: Overview.
Review in British journal of haematology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emerging targeted therapies for primary immune thrombocytopenia: novel agents, combination strategies, and future directions.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Primary versus Secondary Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP): A Meeting Report from the 2023 McMaster ITP Summit.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2025Article
- Itaconate derivative 4-OI inhibits M1 macrophage polarization and restores its impaired function in immune thrombocytopenia through metabolic reprogramming.Chinese medical journal · 2025Article
- CDKN1A as a potential target for Eltrombopag treatment in ITP and its regulation of the communication between macrophages and transitional B cells in ITP.Annals of hematology · 2025Article
- OX40 ligand promotes follicular helper T cell differentiation and development in mice with immune thrombocytopenia.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2025Article
- Comparison of the efficacy of thalidomide combined with low-dose rituximab and low-dose rituximab alone in the treatment of steroid-resistant/refractory adult patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia: an open-label trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Genetically predicted plasma metabolites mediate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A subset of individuals with 'primary' or 'idiopathic' immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) who fail to respond to conventional first- and second-line agents or who lose responsiveness are considered to have 'refractory' disease (rITP), placing them at increased risk of bleeding and complications of intensive treatment. However, the criteria used to define the refractory state vary among studies, which complicates research and clinical investigation. Moreover, it is unclear whether rITP is simply 'more severe' ITP, or if there are specific pathogenic pathways that are more likely to result in refractory disease, and whether the presence or development of rITP can be established or anticipated based on these differences. This paper reviews potential biological features that may be associated with rITP, including genetic and epigenetic risk factors, dysregulation of T cells and cytokine networks, antibody affinity and specificity, activation of complement, impaired platelet production and alterations in platelet viability and clearance. These findings indicate the need for longitudinal studies using novel clinically available methodologies to identify and monitor pathogenic T cells, platelet antibodies and other clues to the development of refractory disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.