ArticleNature communications2023
mRNA vaccine quality analysis using RNA sequencing.
Article in Nature communications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Sub-stoichiometric 5-methoxyuridine modification enables tunable immune evasion and protein expression from synthetic mRNAs.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Cold-adapted RNA polymerase fromProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Cancer Vaccine Development: Toward Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Personalized Cell Membrane Nanovaccine.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Beyond the genetic code: orchestrating epigenetic and immune landscapes with multivalent mRNA-exosome vaccines.Precision clinical medicine · 2026Review
- IVT-free, chemically synthesized protein-encoding RNA oligonucleotides for rapid production of personalized cancer vaccines.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Direct LC-HRMS/MS characterisation and RT-qPCR detection for potential mRNA-based doping agent.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Analytical Characterization and Stability Assessment of RNA-Based Vaccines.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Nanopore direct RNA sequencing and the epitranscriptome: Advances in mapping native RNA landscapes.iMeta · 2026Review
- Systematic assessment of diverse RNA modifications using nanopore direct RNA sequencing.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Next-generation neoantigen mRNA vaccines: Immuno-engineering strategies for precision cancer immunotherapy.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Deep learning-guided dual-fitness evolution of T7 RNA polymerase for enhanced stability and activity.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Probing the epitranscriptome and RNA damage with nanopore direct RNA sequencing.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Review
- A dual context-aware basecaller for nanopore direct RNA sequencing.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Process and analytical strategies for the safe production of mRNA vaccines and therapeutics.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- AI-powered mapping of tumor immunity for optimized mRNA vaccine engineering.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Engineering Anti-Tumor Immunity: An Immunological Framework for mRNA Cancer Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Review
- The design, manufacture and LNP formulation of mRNA for research use.Nature protocols · 2025Article
- Direct RNA sequencing enables improved transcriptome assessment and tracking of RNA modifications for medical applications.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Lateral Flow Strip Assay for On-Site mRNA Vaccine Quality Control in Decentralized Manufacturing.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The success of mRNA vaccines has been realised, in part, by advances in manufacturing that enabled billions of doses to be produced at sufficient quality and safety. However, mRNA vaccines must be rigorously analysed to measure their integrity and detect contaminants that reduce their effectiveness and induce side-effects. Currently, mRNA vaccines and therapies are analysed using a range of time-consuming and costly methods. Here we describe a streamlined method to analyse mRNA vaccines and therapies using long-read nanopore sequencing. Compared to other industry-standard techniques, VAX-seq can comprehensively measure key mRNA vaccine quality attributes, including sequence, length, integrity, and purity. We also show how direct RNA sequencing can analyse mRNA chemistry, including the detection of nucleoside modifications. To support this approach, we provide supporting software to automatically report on mRNA and plasmid template quality and integrity. Given these advantages, we anticipate that RNA sequencing methods, such as VAX-seq, will become central to the development and manufacture of mRNA drugs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.